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De onderhandelingen over het Franco-Belgisch Verdrag van 1861 en de eerste onvoorwaardelijke most-favoured-nation-clausule in de Belgische handelspolitiek

(2018) PRO MEMORIE (HILVERSUM). 20(2). p.234-261
Author
Organization
Abstract
In 1860, France and Great-Britain concluded the so-called Cobden-Chevalier commercial treaty, comprising the first unconditional most-favoured-nation clause in history. From an economic perspective, for a neutral country with a small, open economy, the most-favoured-nation clause and its potential for the liberalisation of international trade is to be welcomed. Notwithstanding, Belgian policymakers were not pleased with these new evolutions. They foremost feared the loss of preferential access to the French market. Consequently, the Belgian head diplomat in Paris even argued for an interpretation of ‘the most favoured nation’ as a clause that is purely stylistic. He also warned for the adverse effects on the rights of third parties. In the end, Belgian policymakers realised that the most-favoured-nation clause also entailed benefits and the State concluded a commercial treaty with France in 1861, comprising a most-favoured-nation clause that is strikingly similar to the most-favoured-nation clause in the Anglo-French Treaty of 1860. From 1861 to 1865, Belgium engaged in a treaty-making campaign all over Europe, contributing to the establishment of the Cobden-Chevalier Treaty-network and a liberal era of trade in Europe.
Keywords
Most-Favoured-Nation Clause, Nineteenth Century, Belgian Trade Policy, Firmin Rogier (1791-1875), Charles Rogier (1800-1885), Anglo-French Cobden-Chevalier Treaty (1860), Franco-Belgian Treaty (1861)

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MLA
Volkaert, Florenz. “De Onderhandelingen over Het Franco-Belgisch Verdrag van 1861 En de Eerste Onvoorwaardelijke Most-Favoured-Nation-Clausule in de Belgische Handelspolitiek.” PRO MEMORIE (HILVERSUM), vol. 20, no. 2, 2018, pp. 234–61.
APA
Volkaert, F. (2018). De onderhandelingen over het Franco-Belgisch Verdrag van 1861 en de eerste onvoorwaardelijke most-favoured-nation-clausule in de Belgische handelspolitiek. PRO MEMORIE (HILVERSUM), 20(2), 234–261.
Chicago author-date
Volkaert, Florenz. 2018. “De Onderhandelingen over Het Franco-Belgisch Verdrag van 1861 En de Eerste Onvoorwaardelijke Most-Favoured-Nation-Clausule in de Belgische Handelspolitiek.” PRO MEMORIE (HILVERSUM) 20 (2): 234–61.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Volkaert, Florenz. 2018. “De Onderhandelingen over Het Franco-Belgisch Verdrag van 1861 En de Eerste Onvoorwaardelijke Most-Favoured-Nation-Clausule in de Belgische Handelspolitiek.” PRO MEMORIE (HILVERSUM) 20 (2): 234–261.
Vancouver
1.
Volkaert F. De onderhandelingen over het Franco-Belgisch Verdrag van 1861 en de eerste onvoorwaardelijke most-favoured-nation-clausule in de Belgische handelspolitiek. PRO MEMORIE (HILVERSUM). 2018;20(2):234–61.
IEEE
[1]
F. Volkaert, “De onderhandelingen over het Franco-Belgisch Verdrag van 1861 en de eerste onvoorwaardelijke most-favoured-nation-clausule in de Belgische handelspolitiek,” PRO MEMORIE (HILVERSUM), vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 234–261, 2018.
@article{8643924,
  abstract     = {{In 1860, France and Great-Britain concluded the so-called Cobden-Chevalier commercial treaty, comprising the first unconditional most-favoured-nation clause in history. From an economic perspective, for a neutral country with a small, open economy, the most-favoured-nation clause and its potential for the liberalisation of international trade is to be welcomed. Notwithstanding, Belgian policymakers were not pleased with these new evolutions. They foremost feared the loss of preferential access to the French market. Consequently, the Belgian head diplomat in Paris even argued for an interpretation of ‘the most favoured nation’ as a clause that is purely stylistic. He also warned for the adverse effects on the rights of third parties. In the end, Belgian policymakers realised that the most-favoured-nation clause also entailed benefits and the State concluded a commercial treaty with France in 1861, comprising a most-favoured-nation clause that is strikingly similar to the most-favoured-nation clause in the Anglo-French Treaty of 1860. From 1861 to 1865, Belgium engaged in a treaty-making campaign all over Europe, contributing to the establishment of the Cobden-Chevalier Treaty-network and a liberal era of trade in Europe.}},
  author       = {{Volkaert, Florenz}},
  issn         = {{1566-7146}},
  journal      = {{PRO MEMORIE (HILVERSUM)}},
  keywords     = {{Most-Favoured-Nation Clause,Nineteenth Century,Belgian Trade Policy,Firmin Rogier (1791-1875),Charles Rogier (1800-1885),Anglo-French Cobden-Chevalier Treaty (1860),Franco-Belgian Treaty (1861)}},
  language     = {{dut}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{234--261}},
  title        = {{De onderhandelingen over het Franco-Belgisch Verdrag van 1861 en de eerste onvoorwaardelijke most-favoured-nation-clausule in de Belgische handelspolitiek}},
  volume       = {{20}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}