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Energy and protein requirements for children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis-clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce

Vanessa Shaw, Nonnie Polderman, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Fabio Paglialonga, Michiel Oosterveld, Jetta Tuokkola, Caroline Anderson, Ann Desloovere (UGent) , Laurence Greenbaum, Dieter Haffner, et al.
(2020) PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY. 35(3). p.519-531
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Abstract
Dietary management in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an area fraught with uncertainties and wide variations in practice. Even in tertiary pediatric nephrology centers, expert dietetic input is often lacking. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT), an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, was established to develop clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) to address these challenges and to serve as a resource for nutritional care. We present CPRs for energy and protein requirements for children with CKD stages 2-5 and those on dialysis (CKD2-5D). We address energy requirements in the context of poor growth, obesity, and different levels of physical activity, together with the additional protein needs to compensate for dialysate losses. We describe how to achieve the dietary prescription for energy and protein using breastmilk, formulas, food, and dietary supplements, which can be incorporated into everyday practice. Statements with a low grade of evidence, or based on opinion, must be considered and adapted for the individual patient by the treating physician and dietitian according to their clinical judgment. Research recommendations have been suggested. The CPRs will be regularly audited and updated by the PRNT.
Keywords
Energy, Protein, Chronic kidney disease, Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce, Clinical practice recommendations, APPETITE-REGULATING HORMONES, CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE, YOUNG-CHILDREN, PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS, DIETARY-PROTEIN, CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT, NUTRIENT INTAKE, AMINO-ACIDS, GROWTH, INFANTS

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MLA
Shaw, Vanessa, et al. “Energy and Protein Requirements for Children with CKD Stages 2-5 and on Dialysis-Clinical Practice Recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce.” PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY, vol. 35, no. 3, 2020, pp. 519–31, doi:10.1007/s00467-019-04426-0.
APA
Shaw, V., Polderman, N., Renken-Terhaerdt, J., Paglialonga, F., Oosterveld, M., Tuokkola, J., … Rees, L. (2020). Energy and protein requirements for children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis-clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY, 35(3), 519–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-019-04426-0
Chicago author-date
Shaw, Vanessa, Nonnie Polderman, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Fabio Paglialonga, Michiel Oosterveld, Jetta Tuokkola, Caroline Anderson, et al. 2020. “Energy and Protein Requirements for Children with CKD Stages 2-5 and on Dialysis-Clinical Practice Recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce.” PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY 35 (3): 519–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-019-04426-0.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Shaw, Vanessa, Nonnie Polderman, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Fabio Paglialonga, Michiel Oosterveld, Jetta Tuokkola, Caroline Anderson, Ann Desloovere, Laurence Greenbaum, Dieter Haffner, Christina Nelms, Leila Qizalbash, Johan Vande Walle, Bradley Warady, Rukshana Shroff, and Lesley Rees. 2020. “Energy and Protein Requirements for Children with CKD Stages 2-5 and on Dialysis-Clinical Practice Recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce.” PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY 35 (3): 519–531. doi:10.1007/s00467-019-04426-0.
Vancouver
1.
Shaw V, Polderman N, Renken-Terhaerdt J, Paglialonga F, Oosterveld M, Tuokkola J, et al. Energy and protein requirements for children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis-clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY. 2020;35(3):519–31.
IEEE
[1]
V. Shaw et al., “Energy and protein requirements for children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis-clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce,” PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 519–531, 2020.
@article{8643642,
  abstract     = {{Dietary management in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an area fraught with uncertainties and wide variations in practice. Even in tertiary pediatric nephrology centers, expert dietetic input is often lacking. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT), an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, was established to develop clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) to address these challenges and to serve as a resource for nutritional care. We present CPRs for energy and protein requirements for children with CKD stages 2-5 and those on dialysis (CKD2-5D). We address energy requirements in the context of poor growth, obesity, and different levels of physical activity, together with the additional protein needs to compensate for dialysate losses. We describe how to achieve the dietary prescription for energy and protein using breastmilk, formulas, food, and dietary supplements, which can be incorporated into everyday practice. Statements with a low grade of evidence, or based on opinion, must be considered and adapted for the individual patient by the treating physician and dietitian according to their clinical judgment. Research recommendations have been suggested. The CPRs will be regularly audited and updated by the PRNT.}},
  author       = {{Shaw, Vanessa and Polderman, Nonnie and Renken-Terhaerdt, José and Paglialonga, Fabio and Oosterveld, Michiel and Tuokkola, Jetta and Anderson, Caroline and Desloovere, Ann and Greenbaum, Laurence and Haffner, Dieter and Nelms, Christina and Qizalbash, Leila and Vande Walle, Johan and Warady, Bradley and Shroff, Rukshana and Rees, Lesley}},
  issn         = {{0931-041X}},
  journal      = {{PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Energy,Protein,Chronic kidney disease,Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce,Clinical practice recommendations,APPETITE-REGULATING HORMONES,CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE,YOUNG-CHILDREN,PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS,DIETARY-PROTEIN,CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT,NUTRIENT INTAKE,AMINO-ACIDS,GROWTH,INFANTS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{519--531}},
  title        = {{Energy and protein requirements for children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis-clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-019-04426-0}},
  volume       = {{35}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}
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