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Mechanical properties of polymeric implant materials produced by extrusion-based additive manufacturing

Sandra Petersmann, Martin Spoerk, Willem Van De Steene, Muammer Üçal, Johannes Wiener, Gerald Pinter and Florian Arbeiter
(2020) JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS. 104.
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Abstract
The application of material extrusion-based additive manufacturing methods has recently become increasingly popular in the medical sector. Thereby, thermoplastic materials are likely to be used. However, thermoplastics are highly dependent on the temperature and loading rate in comparison to other material classes. Therefore, it is crucial to characterise these influences on the mechanical properties. On this account, dynamic mechanical analyses to investigate the application temperature range, and tensile tests at different crosshead speeds (103, 101, 10-1 and 10-3 mms-1) were performed on various 3D-printable polymers, namely polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polylactide (PLA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETG), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polypropylene (PP). It was found that the mechanical properties of PEEK, PLA, PMMA and PETG hardly depend on temperature changes inside the human body. PVDF and PP show a significant decrease in stiffness with increasing body temperatures. Additionally, the dependency of the stiffness on the strain-rate is increasing between PLA, PP, PEEK, PETG, PMMA and PVDF. Besides the mechanical integrity of these materials (strength, stiffness and its strain-rate and temperature dependency inside the body), the materials were further ranked considering their filling density as a measure of their processability. Hence, useful information for the selection of possible medical applications for each material and the design process of 3D-printed implants are provided.
Keywords
Mechanics of Materials, Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering, Additive manufacturing, Strain-rate dependent data, Mechanical properties, Implant materials, Polymers, STRAIN-RATE, BEHAVIOR, PEEK, BIOMATERIALS, TEMPERATURE, PLA

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MLA
Petersmann, Sandra, et al. “Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Implant Materials Produced by Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing.” JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS, vol. 104, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103611.
APA
Petersmann, S., Spoerk, M., Van De Steene, W., Üçal, M., Wiener, J., Pinter, G., & Arbeiter, F. (2020). Mechanical properties of polymeric implant materials produced by extrusion-based additive manufacturing. JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS, 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103611
Chicago author-date
Petersmann, Sandra, Martin Spoerk, Willem Van De Steene, Muammer Üçal, Johannes Wiener, Gerald Pinter, and Florian Arbeiter. 2020. “Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Implant Materials Produced by Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing.” JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103611.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Petersmann, Sandra, Martin Spoerk, Willem Van De Steene, Muammer Üçal, Johannes Wiener, Gerald Pinter, and Florian Arbeiter. 2020. “Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Implant Materials Produced by Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing.” JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS 104. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103611.
Vancouver
1.
Petersmann S, Spoerk M, Van De Steene W, Üçal M, Wiener J, Pinter G, et al. Mechanical properties of polymeric implant materials produced by extrusion-based additive manufacturing. JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS. 2020;104.
IEEE
[1]
S. Petersmann et al., “Mechanical properties of polymeric implant materials produced by extrusion-based additive manufacturing,” JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS, vol. 104, 2020.
@article{8643380,
  abstract     = {{The application of material extrusion-based additive manufacturing methods has recently become increasingly popular in the medical sector. Thereby, thermoplastic materials are likely to be used. However, thermoplastics are highly dependent on the temperature and loading rate in comparison to other material classes. Therefore, it is crucial to characterise these influences on the mechanical properties. On this account, dynamic mechanical analyses to investigate the application temperature range, and tensile tests at different crosshead speeds (103, 101, 10-1 and 10-3 mms-1) were performed on various 3D-printable polymers, namely polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polylactide (PLA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETG), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polypropylene (PP). It was found that the mechanical properties of PEEK, PLA, PMMA and PETG hardly depend on temperature changes inside the human body. PVDF and PP show a significant decrease in stiffness with increasing body temperatures. Additionally, the dependency of the stiffness on the strain-rate is increasing between PLA, PP, PEEK, PETG, PMMA and PVDF. Besides the mechanical integrity of these materials (strength, stiffness and its strain-rate and temperature dependency inside the body), the materials were further ranked considering their filling density as a measure of their processability. Hence, useful information for the selection of possible medical applications for each material and the design process of 3D-printed implants are provided.}},
  articleno    = {{103611}},
  author       = {{Petersmann, Sandra and Spoerk, Martin and Van De Steene, Willem and Üçal, Muammer and Wiener, Johannes and Pinter, Gerald and Arbeiter, Florian}},
  issn         = {{1751-6161}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanics of Materials,Biomaterials,Biomedical Engineering,Additive manufacturing,Strain-rate dependent data,Mechanical properties,Implant materials,Polymers,STRAIN-RATE,BEHAVIOR,PEEK,BIOMATERIALS,TEMPERATURE,PLA}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{13}},
  title        = {{Mechanical properties of polymeric implant materials produced by extrusion-based additive manufacturing}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103611}},
  volume       = {{104}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}
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