@article{8642402,
  abstract     = {{The aim of the study was to compare the effect of photosensitizers photosens, photodithazine, and hypericin on primary brain cell cultures, and assess their toxic effect on tumor and normal nervous cells in order to choose the optimal photodynamic agent for glioma therapy.

Materials and Methods. The cytotoxicity of photosens (NIOPIK, Russia), photodithazine (Veta-grand, Russia) and hypericin (Merck KGaA; Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) was assessed on primary brain cell cultures obtained from C57BL/6 mice (gestation day 18). On day 14 of cultivation, the tested photosensitizers were added to a culture medium at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 mu M. Then the cultures were placed in a CO2-incubator in the dark. The viability of primary neuronal cultures was estimated on days 3 and 7 after photosensitizer application. Using confocal microscopy, we analyzed the rate of entry and subcellular localization of the tested agents in the primary neuronal cells. Statistical analysis was performed in SigmaPlot 11.0 (Systat Software Inc., USA) using ANOVA.

Results. We analyzed the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the tested photosensitizers. Photosens and photodithazine showed the presence of absorption maximum in short- and long-wave spectral ranges. Hypericin was characterized by a complex spectrum with many peaks in both blue-violet and orange-red spectral ranges. Cell viability analysis revealed that high concentrations of photosensitizers caused a pronounced toxic effect on nervous cells. The most marked effect was shown for photodithazine. Photosens exhibited the lowest accumulation rate in primary neuronal cells. Photosens and hypericin were found to have a high phototoxic effect on glioma, and demonstrated low dark toxicity for normal brain cells.

Conclusion. The photosensitizers hypericin and photosens are the least toxic for nervous tissue, though effectively penetrating in tumor cells. These properties enable to consider them as prospective photodynamic agents for clinic.}},
  author       = {{Mishchenko, Tatiana and Mitroshina, Elena and Turubanova, Viktoria and Alzeibak, Rozan and Balalaeva, irina and Vedunova, Maria and Krysko, Dmitri}},
  issn         = {{2076-4243}},
  journal      = {{SOVREMENNYE TEHNOLOGII V MEDICINE}},
  keywords     = {{photosensitizers,photosens,photodithazine,hypericin,photodynamic therapy,neurooncology,cytotoxicity,primary neuronal cultures.,REPORT PRIMARY BRAIN,PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY,GLIOBLASTOMA-MULTIFORME,UNITED-STATES,RESECTION,CANCER,DEATH}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{52--60}},
  title        = {{Effect of photosensitizers photosens, photodithazine and hypericin on glioma cells and primary neuronal cultures : a comparative analysis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.17691/stm2019.11.4.06}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

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