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Salmonella inactivation and cross-contamination on cherry and grape tomatoes under simulated wash conditions

Samantha Bolten, Ganyu Gu, Yaguang Luo, Sam Van Haute (UGent) , Bin Zhou, Pat Millner, Shirley A Micallef and Xiangwu Nou
(2020) FOOD MICROBIOLOGY. 87.
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Abstract
Washing in chlorinated water is widely practiced for commercial fresh produce processing. While known as an effective tool for mitigating food safety risks, chlorine washing could also represent an opportunity for spreading microbial contaminations under sub-optimal operating conditions. This study evaluated Salmonella inactivation and cross-contamination in a simulated washing process of cherry and grape tomatoes. Commercially harvested tomatoes and the associated inedible plant matter (debris) were differentially inoculated with kanamycin resistant (KanR) or rifampin resistant (Rim) Salmonella strains, and washed together with uninoculated tomatoes in simulated packinghouse dump tank (flume) wash water. Washing in chlorinated water resulted in significantly higher Salmonella reduction on tomatoes than on debris, achieving 2-3 log reduction on tomatoes and about 1 log reduction on debris. Cross-contamination by Salmonella on tomatoes was significantly reduced in the presence of 25-150 mg/L free chlorine, although sporadic cross-contamination on tomatoes was detected when tomatoes and debris were inoculated at high population density. The majority of the sporadic cross-contaminations originated from Salmonella inoculated on debris. These findings suggested that debris could be a potentially significant source of contamination during commercial tomato washing.
Keywords
Salmonella, Tomatoes, Debris, Wash water, Chlorine, Cross-contamination, ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7, UNITED-STATES, FOODBORNE ILLNESS, MICROBIAL LOADS, FRESH PRODUCE, FREE CHLORINE, COIL O157H7, STEM SCARS, ENTERICA, INTERNALIZATION

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MLA
Bolten, Samantha, et al. “Salmonella Inactivation and Cross-Contamination on Cherry and Grape Tomatoes under Simulated Wash Conditions.” FOOD MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 87, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.fm.2019.103359.
APA
Bolten, S., Gu, G., Luo, Y., Van Haute, S., Zhou, B., Millner, P., … Nou, X. (2020). Salmonella inactivation and cross-contamination on cherry and grape tomatoes under simulated wash conditions. FOOD MICROBIOLOGY, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2019.103359
Chicago author-date
Bolten, Samantha, Ganyu Gu, Yaguang Luo, Sam Van Haute, Bin Zhou, Pat Millner, Shirley A Micallef, and Xiangwu Nou. 2020. “Salmonella Inactivation and Cross-Contamination on Cherry and Grape Tomatoes under Simulated Wash Conditions.” FOOD MICROBIOLOGY 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2019.103359.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Bolten, Samantha, Ganyu Gu, Yaguang Luo, Sam Van Haute, Bin Zhou, Pat Millner, Shirley A Micallef, and Xiangwu Nou. 2020. “Salmonella Inactivation and Cross-Contamination on Cherry and Grape Tomatoes under Simulated Wash Conditions.” FOOD MICROBIOLOGY 87. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2019.103359.
Vancouver
1.
Bolten S, Gu G, Luo Y, Van Haute S, Zhou B, Millner P, et al. Salmonella inactivation and cross-contamination on cherry and grape tomatoes under simulated wash conditions. FOOD MICROBIOLOGY. 2020;87.
IEEE
[1]
S. Bolten et al., “Salmonella inactivation and cross-contamination on cherry and grape tomatoes under simulated wash conditions,” FOOD MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 87, 2020.
@article{8635000,
  abstract     = {{Washing in chlorinated water is widely practiced for commercial fresh produce processing. While known as an effective tool for mitigating food safety risks, chlorine washing could also represent an opportunity for spreading microbial contaminations under sub-optimal operating conditions. This study evaluated Salmonella inactivation and cross-contamination in a simulated washing process of cherry and grape tomatoes. Commercially harvested tomatoes and the associated inedible plant matter (debris) were differentially inoculated with kanamycin resistant (KanR) or rifampin resistant (Rim) Salmonella strains, and washed together with uninoculated tomatoes in simulated packinghouse dump tank (flume) wash water. Washing in chlorinated water resulted in significantly higher Salmonella reduction on tomatoes than on debris, achieving 2-3 log reduction on tomatoes and about 1 log reduction on debris. Cross-contamination by Salmonella on tomatoes was significantly reduced in the presence of 25-150 mg/L free chlorine, although sporadic cross-contamination on tomatoes was detected when tomatoes and debris were inoculated at high population density. The majority of the sporadic cross-contaminations originated from Salmonella inoculated on debris. These findings suggested that debris could be a potentially significant source of contamination during commercial tomato washing.}},
  articleno    = {{103359}},
  author       = {{Bolten, Samantha and Gu, Ganyu and Luo, Yaguang and Van Haute, Sam and Zhou, Bin and Millner, Pat and Micallef, Shirley A and Nou, Xiangwu}},
  issn         = {{0740-0020}},
  journal      = {{FOOD MICROBIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Salmonella,Tomatoes,Debris,Wash water,Chlorine,Cross-contamination,ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7,UNITED-STATES,FOODBORNE ILLNESS,MICROBIAL LOADS,FRESH PRODUCE,FREE CHLORINE,COIL O157H7,STEM SCARS,ENTERICA,INTERNALIZATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{8}},
  title        = {{Salmonella inactivation and cross-contamination on cherry and grape tomatoes under simulated wash conditions}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2019.103359}},
  volume       = {{87}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}
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