@article{8632003,
  abstract     = {{A bio-based glycolipid bolaamphiphile (glyco-bolaamphiphile) has recently been produced (Van Renterghem et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2018, 115, 1195-1206) on a gram scale by using the genetically-engineered S. bombicola strain Delta at Delta sble Delta fao1. The glyco-bolaamphiphile bears two symmetrical sophorose headgroups at the extremities of a C16:0 (omega-1 hydroxylated palmitic alcohol) spacer. Its atypical structure has been obtained by redesigning the S. bombicola strain Delta at Delta sble, producing non-symmetrical glyco-bolaamphiphile, with an additional knock out (Delta fao1) and feeding this new strain with fatty alcohols. The molecular structure of the glyco-bolaamphiphile is obtained by feeding the new strain a saturated C16 substrate (palmitic alcohol), which enables the biosynthesis of bolaform glycolipids. In this work, we show that the bio-based glyco-bolaamphiphile readily forms a hydrogel in water at room temperature, and that the hydrogel formation depends on the formation of self-assembled fibers. Above 28 degrees C, the molecules undergo a gel-to-sol transition, which is due to a fiber-to-micelle phase change. We provide a quantitative description of the Self-Assembled Fibrillar Network (SAFiN) hydrogel formed by the glyco-bolaampiphile. We identify the sol-gel transition temperature, the gelling time, and the minimal gel concentration; additionally, we explore the fibrillation mechanism as a function of time and temperature and determine the activation energy of the micelle-to-fiber phase transition. These parameters allow control of the elastic properties of the glyco-bolaamphiphile hydrogel: at 3 wt% and 25 degrees C, the elastic modulus G is above the kPa range, while at 5 degrees C, G' can be tuned between 100 Pa and 20 kPa, by controlling the undercooling protocol.}},
  author       = {{Baccile, Niki and Van Renterghem, Lisa and Le Griel, Patrick and Ducouret, Guylaine and Brennich, Martha and Cristiglio, Viviana and Roelants, Sophie and Soetaert, Wim}},
  issn         = {{1744-683X}},
  journal      = {{SOFT MATTER}},
  keywords     = {{ACIDIC SOPHOROLIPID BIOSURFACTANTS,SOFT FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS,SUGAR-BASED GELATOR,SOLID-STATE NMR,UNSYMMETRICAL BOLAAMPHIPHILES,STARMERELLA-BOMBICOLA,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,FORMATION KINETICS,TWISTED RIBBONS,HELICAL RIBBONS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{38}},
  pages        = {{7859--7872}},
  title        = {{Bio-based glyco-bolaamphiphile forms a temperature-responsive hydrogel with tunable elastic properties}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01167b}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

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