Chromium(III) in deep eutectic solvents : towards a sustainable chromium(VI)-free steel plating process
- Author
- Tim Verdonck, Philippe Verpoort, Joost De Strycker, Ansbert De Cleene, Dipanjan Banerjee, Peter Nockemann, Rik Van Deun (UGent) and Kristof Van Hecke (UGent)
- Organization
- Abstract
- Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride, chromium chloride, and their mixtures with water are emerging as one of the most promising sustainable alternatives to the banned and carcinogenic Cr(vi) electroplating process (REACH Annex XVII). However, the coordination chemistry of these liquids is still largely unresolved and only a limited number of compositions have been studied to date. Hence, an in-depth study using a large range of techniques was carried out on the complete composition range of stable liquids at room temperature. This resulted in detailed knowledge regarding the concentration profiles of all constituting components, and the discovery of an important link between the coordination chemistry and the conductivity of the mixtures. Additionally, a tool was developed to obtain 10 different variables and concentrations by the measurement of a single UV/Vis absorption spectrum. Based on these results, researchers in both industry and academia will be able to select a certain DES-water mixture to obtain specific characteristics, as well as concentrations of the constituting components and complexes. Additionally, these mixtures can be closely monitored before, during and after electroplating, by means of UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. These results form an important step towards the industrial application of these promising green electrolytes as alternatives to the wide-spread and recently banned carcinogenic Cr(vi) electroplating baths.
- Keywords
- PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, CHOLINE CHLORIDE, IONIC LIQUIDS, WATER-CONTENT, TEMPERATURE, MIXTURES, ELECTRODEPOSITION, SPECIATION, BLACK
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8624600
- MLA
- Verdonck, Tim, et al. “Chromium(III) in Deep Eutectic Solvents : Towards a Sustainable Chromium(VI)-Free Steel Plating Process.” GREEN CHEMISTRY, vol. 21, no. 13, 2019, pp. 3637–50, doi:10.1039/c9gc00690g.
- APA
- Verdonck, T., Verpoort, P., De Strycker, J., De Cleene, A., Banerjee, D., Nockemann, P., … Van Hecke, K. (2019). Chromium(III) in deep eutectic solvents : towards a sustainable chromium(VI)-free steel plating process. GREEN CHEMISTRY, 21(13), 3637–3650. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9gc00690g
- Chicago author-date
- Verdonck, Tim, Philippe Verpoort, Joost De Strycker, Ansbert De Cleene, Dipanjan Banerjee, Peter Nockemann, Rik Van Deun, and Kristof Van Hecke. 2019. “Chromium(III) in Deep Eutectic Solvents : Towards a Sustainable Chromium(VI)-Free Steel Plating Process.” GREEN CHEMISTRY 21 (13): 3637–50. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9gc00690g.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Verdonck, Tim, Philippe Verpoort, Joost De Strycker, Ansbert De Cleene, Dipanjan Banerjee, Peter Nockemann, Rik Van Deun, and Kristof Van Hecke. 2019. “Chromium(III) in Deep Eutectic Solvents : Towards a Sustainable Chromium(VI)-Free Steel Plating Process.” GREEN CHEMISTRY 21 (13): 3637–3650. doi:10.1039/c9gc00690g.
- Vancouver
- 1.Verdonck T, Verpoort P, De Strycker J, De Cleene A, Banerjee D, Nockemann P, et al. Chromium(III) in deep eutectic solvents : towards a sustainable chromium(VI)-free steel plating process. GREEN CHEMISTRY. 2019;21(13):3637–50.
- IEEE
- [1]T. Verdonck et al., “Chromium(III) in deep eutectic solvents : towards a sustainable chromium(VI)-free steel plating process,” GREEN CHEMISTRY, vol. 21, no. 13, pp. 3637–3650, 2019.
@article{8624600,
abstract = {{Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride, chromium chloride, and their mixtures with water are emerging as one of the most promising sustainable alternatives to the banned and carcinogenic Cr(vi) electroplating process (REACH Annex XVII). However, the coordination chemistry of these liquids is still largely unresolved and only a limited number of compositions have been studied to date. Hence, an in-depth study using a large range of techniques was carried out on the complete composition range of stable liquids at room temperature. This resulted in detailed knowledge regarding the concentration profiles of all constituting components, and the discovery of an important link between the coordination chemistry and the conductivity of the mixtures. Additionally, a tool was developed to obtain 10 different variables and concentrations by the measurement of a single UV/Vis absorption spectrum. Based on these results, researchers in both industry and academia will be able to select a certain DES-water mixture to obtain specific characteristics, as well as concentrations of the constituting components and complexes. Additionally, these mixtures can be closely monitored before, during and after electroplating, by means of UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. These results form an important step towards the industrial application of these promising green electrolytes as alternatives to the wide-spread and recently banned carcinogenic Cr(vi) electroplating baths.}},
author = {{Verdonck, Tim and Verpoort, Philippe and De Strycker, Joost and De Cleene, Ansbert and Banerjee, Dipanjan and Nockemann, Peter and Van Deun, Rik and Van Hecke, Kristof}},
issn = {{1463-9262}},
journal = {{GREEN CHEMISTRY}},
keywords = {{PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES,CHOLINE CHLORIDE,IONIC LIQUIDS,WATER-CONTENT,TEMPERATURE,MIXTURES,ELECTRODEPOSITION,SPECIATION,BLACK}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{13}},
pages = {{3637--3650}},
title = {{Chromium(III) in deep eutectic solvents : towards a sustainable chromium(VI)-free steel plating process}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1039/c9gc00690g}},
volume = {{21}},
year = {{2019}},
}
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