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Micro and nanoscale characterization of complex multilayer-structured white etching layer in rails

(2018) METALS. 8(10).
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Abstract
Micro- to nano-scale characterization of the microstructures in the white etching layer (WEL), observed in a Dutch R260 Mn grade rail steel, was performed via various techniques. Retained austenite in the WEL was identified via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), automatic crystallographic orientation mapping in transmission electron microscopy (ACOM-TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). EBSD and ACOM-TEM methods were used to quantify grains (size range: 50 nm-4 mu m) in the WEL. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify complex heterogeneous microstructural morphologies in the WEL: Nano-twinning substructure with high dislocation density in the WEL close to the rail surface and untransformed cementite and dislocations in the WEL close to the pearlite matrix. Furthermore, atom probe tomography (APT) revealed a heterogeneous through-thickness distribution of alloying elements in the WEL. Accordingly, the WEL is considered a multi-layered martensitic microstructure. These findings are supported by the temperature calculations from the shape analysis of the manganese profile from APT measurements, related to manganese diffusion. The deformation characteristics of the WEL and the pearlite beneath the WEL are discussed based on the EBSD measurements. The role of deformation in the martensitic phase transformation for WEL formation is discussed.
Keywords
white etching layer, rails, martensite, temperature, phase transformation, plastic deformation, ROLLING-CONTACT FATIGUE, ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, ATOM PROBE, MARTENSITE, SURFACES, STEEL

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MLA
Wu, Jun, et al. “Micro and Nanoscale Characterization of Complex Multilayer-Structured White Etching Layer in Rails.” METALS, vol. 8, no. 10, 2018, doi:10.3390/met8100749.
APA
Wu, J., Petrov, R., Kolling, S., Koenraad, P., Malet, L., Godet, S., & Sietsma, J. (2018). Micro and nanoscale characterization of complex multilayer-structured white etching layer in rails. METALS, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/met8100749
Chicago author-date
Wu, Jun, Roumen Petrov, Sebastian Kolling, Paul Koenraad, Loic Malet, Stephane Godet, and Jilt Sietsma. 2018. “Micro and Nanoscale Characterization of Complex Multilayer-Structured White Etching Layer in Rails.” METALS 8 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/met8100749.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Wu, Jun, Roumen Petrov, Sebastian Kolling, Paul Koenraad, Loic Malet, Stephane Godet, and Jilt Sietsma. 2018. “Micro and Nanoscale Characterization of Complex Multilayer-Structured White Etching Layer in Rails.” METALS 8 (10). doi:10.3390/met8100749.
Vancouver
1.
Wu J, Petrov R, Kolling S, Koenraad P, Malet L, Godet S, et al. Micro and nanoscale characterization of complex multilayer-structured white etching layer in rails. METALS. 2018;8(10).
IEEE
[1]
J. Wu et al., “Micro and nanoscale characterization of complex multilayer-structured white etching layer in rails,” METALS, vol. 8, no. 10, 2018.
@article{8620180,
  abstract     = {{Micro- to nano-scale characterization of the microstructures in the white etching layer (WEL), observed in a Dutch R260 Mn grade rail steel, was performed via various techniques. Retained austenite in the WEL was identified via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), automatic crystallographic orientation mapping in transmission electron microscopy (ACOM-TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). EBSD and ACOM-TEM methods were used to quantify grains (size range: 50 nm-4 mu m) in the WEL. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify complex heterogeneous microstructural morphologies in the WEL: Nano-twinning substructure with high dislocation density in the WEL close to the rail surface and untransformed cementite and dislocations in the WEL close to the pearlite matrix. Furthermore, atom probe tomography (APT) revealed a heterogeneous through-thickness distribution of alloying elements in the WEL. Accordingly, the WEL is considered a multi-layered martensitic microstructure. These findings are supported by the temperature calculations from the shape analysis of the manganese profile from APT measurements, related to manganese diffusion. The deformation characteristics of the WEL and the pearlite beneath the WEL are discussed based on the EBSD measurements. The role of deformation in the martensitic phase transformation for WEL formation is discussed.}},
  articleno    = {{749}},
  author       = {{Wu, Jun and Petrov, Roumen and Kolling, Sebastian and Koenraad, Paul and Malet, Loic and Godet, Stephane and Sietsma, Jilt}},
  issn         = {{2075-4701}},
  journal      = {{METALS}},
  keywords     = {{white etching layer,rails,martensite,temperature,phase transformation,plastic deformation,ROLLING-CONTACT FATIGUE,ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY,ATOM PROBE,MARTENSITE,SURFACES,STEEL}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{18}},
  title        = {{Micro and nanoscale characterization of complex multilayer-structured white etching layer in rails}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/met8100749}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

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