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Phytomining to re-establish phosphorus-poor soil conditions for nature restoration on former agricultural land

Stephanie Schelfhout (UGent) , An De Schrijver (UGent) , Margot Vanhellemont (UGent) , Pieter Vangansbeke (UGent) , Safaa Wasof (UGent) , Michael Perring (UGent) , Geert Haesaert (UGent) , Kris Verheyen (UGent) and Jan Mertens (UGent)
(2019) PLANT AND SOIL. 440(1-2). p.233-246
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Abstract
Aims: To restore species-rich grasslands on former agricultural land, typically phosphorus-poor soil conditions need to be re-established. Here we assess the potential of phosphorus extraction by biomass production, i.e. phytomining. We compare two techniques: (i) 'mowing', i.e. cutting and removing hay two or three times a year, and (ii) 'P-mining', i.e. mowing with yield maximization by adding growth-limiting nutrients other than phosphorus (i.e. nitrogen and potassium). Methods: In a five-year field experiment at three fields situated along a soil phosphorus gradient, we studied phosphorus removal through both biomass assessment and changes in two soil phosphorus pools: bioavailable phosphorus (P-Olsen) and slowly cycling phosphorus (P-Oxalate). Results: Phosphorus-mining doubled the phosphorus removal with biomass compared to mowing, and phosphorus removal with biomass was lower at fields with an initially lower concentration of P-Olsen in the soil. The P-Olsen concentrations decreased significantly during the experiment with the largest decreases in phosphorus-rich plots. Changes in the P-Olsen and P-Oxalate stocks were correlated with the amount of phosphorus removed with biomass. Conclusions: Phosphorus-mining effectively increases phosphorus removal compared to mowing, but becomes less efficient with decreasing soil phosphorus concentrations. Restoring phosphorus-poor soil conditions on formerly fertilized land remains a challenge: phytomining most often needs a long-term commitment.
Keywords
Abiotic ecological restoration, Phytoextraction, Bioavailable phosphorus, Mowing, P-mining, Species-rich grassland, SPECIES-RICH GRASSLAND, CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES, PLANT-COMMUNITIES, ORGANIC-MATTER, NITROGEN, BIODIVERSITY, LIMITATION, FERTILIZATION, MECHANISMS, FERTILITY

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MLA
Schelfhout, Stephanie, et al. “Phytomining to Re-Establish Phosphorus-Poor Soil Conditions for Nature Restoration on Former Agricultural Land.” PLANT AND SOIL, vol. 440, no. 1–2, 2019, pp. 233–46, doi:10.1007/s11104-019-04049-2.
APA
Schelfhout, S., De Schrijver, A., Vanhellemont, M., Vangansbeke, P., Wasof, S., Perring, M., … Mertens, J. (2019). Phytomining to re-establish phosphorus-poor soil conditions for nature restoration on former agricultural land. PLANT AND SOIL, 440(1–2), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04049-2
Chicago author-date
Schelfhout, Stephanie, An De Schrijver, Margot Vanhellemont, Pieter Vangansbeke, Safaa Wasof, Michael Perring, Geert Haesaert, Kris Verheyen, and Jan Mertens. 2019. “Phytomining to Re-Establish Phosphorus-Poor Soil Conditions for Nature Restoration on Former Agricultural Land.” PLANT AND SOIL 440 (1–2): 233–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04049-2.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Schelfhout, Stephanie, An De Schrijver, Margot Vanhellemont, Pieter Vangansbeke, Safaa Wasof, Michael Perring, Geert Haesaert, Kris Verheyen, and Jan Mertens. 2019. “Phytomining to Re-Establish Phosphorus-Poor Soil Conditions for Nature Restoration on Former Agricultural Land.” PLANT AND SOIL 440 (1–2): 233–246. doi:10.1007/s11104-019-04049-2.
Vancouver
1.
Schelfhout S, De Schrijver A, Vanhellemont M, Vangansbeke P, Wasof S, Perring M, et al. Phytomining to re-establish phosphorus-poor soil conditions for nature restoration on former agricultural land. PLANT AND SOIL. 2019;440(1–2):233–46.
IEEE
[1]
S. Schelfhout et al., “Phytomining to re-establish phosphorus-poor soil conditions for nature restoration on former agricultural land,” PLANT AND SOIL, vol. 440, no. 1–2, pp. 233–246, 2019.
@article{8615608,
  abstract     = {{Aims: To restore species-rich grasslands on former agricultural land, typically phosphorus-poor soil conditions need to be re-established. Here we assess the potential of phosphorus extraction by biomass production, i.e. phytomining. We compare two techniques: (i) 'mowing', i.e. cutting and removing hay two or three times a year, and (ii) 'P-mining', i.e. mowing with yield maximization by adding growth-limiting nutrients other than phosphorus (i.e. nitrogen and potassium). 
Methods: In a five-year field experiment at three fields situated along a soil phosphorus gradient, we studied phosphorus removal through both biomass assessment and changes in two soil phosphorus pools: bioavailable phosphorus (P-Olsen) and slowly cycling phosphorus (P-Oxalate). 
Results: Phosphorus-mining doubled the phosphorus removal with biomass compared to mowing, and phosphorus removal with biomass was lower at fields with an initially lower concentration of P-Olsen in the soil. The P-Olsen concentrations decreased significantly during the experiment with the largest decreases in phosphorus-rich plots. Changes in the P-Olsen and P-Oxalate stocks were correlated with the amount of phosphorus removed with biomass. 
Conclusions: Phosphorus-mining effectively increases phosphorus removal compared to mowing, but becomes less efficient with decreasing soil phosphorus concentrations. Restoring phosphorus-poor soil conditions on formerly fertilized land remains a challenge: phytomining most often needs a long-term commitment.}},
  author       = {{Schelfhout, Stephanie and De Schrijver, An and Vanhellemont, Margot and Vangansbeke, Pieter and Wasof, Safaa and Perring, Michael and Haesaert, Geert and Verheyen, Kris and Mertens, Jan}},
  issn         = {{0032-079X}},
  journal      = {{PLANT AND SOIL}},
  keywords     = {{Abiotic ecological restoration,Phytoextraction,Bioavailable phosphorus,Mowing,P-mining,Species-rich grassland,SPECIES-RICH GRASSLAND,CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES,PLANT-COMMUNITIES,ORGANIC-MATTER,NITROGEN,BIODIVERSITY,LIMITATION,FERTILIZATION,MECHANISMS,FERTILITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1-2}},
  pages        = {{233--246}},
  title        = {{Phytomining to re-establish phosphorus-poor soil conditions for nature restoration on former agricultural land}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04049-2}},
  volume       = {{440}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}
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