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The role of vitamin K and its related compounds in Mendelian and acquired ectopic mineralization disorders

Lukas Nollet (UGent) , Matthias Van Gils (UGent) , Shana Verschuere (UGent) and Olivier Vanakker (UGent)
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Organization
Abstract
Ectopic mineralization disorders comprise a broad spectrum of inherited or acquired diseases characterized by aberrant deposition of calcium crystals in multiple organs, such as the skin, eyes, kidneys, and blood vessels. Although the precise mechanisms leading to ectopic calcification are still incompletely known to date, various molecular targets leading to a disturbed balance between pro- and anti-mineralizing pathways have been identified in recent years. Vitamin K and its related compounds, mainly those post-translationally activated by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ectopic mineralization as has been demonstrated in studies on rare Mendelian diseases, but also on highly prevalent disorders, like vascular calcification. This narrative review compiles and summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of vitamin K, its metabolism, and associated compounds in the pathophysiology of both monogenic ectopic mineralization disorders, like pseudoxanthoma elasticum or Keutel syndrome, as well as acquired multifactorial diseases, like chronic kidney disease. Clinical and molecular aspects of the various disorders are discussed according to the state-of-the-art, followed by a comprehensive literature review regarding the role of vitamin K in molecular pathophysiology and as a therapeutic target in both human and animal models of ectopic mineralization disorders.
Keywords
Ectopic mineralization, vitamin K, matrix gla protein, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, PXE-like syndrome, vascular calcification, chronic kidney disease, Keutel syndrome, MATRIX-GLA-PROTEIN, PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM, VASCULAR CALCIFICATION, MOUSE MODEL, CUTIS LAXA, ABCC6(-/-) MICE, CLINICAL-MANIFESTATIONS, DEPENDENT CARBOXYLATION, ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION, TISSUE MINERALIZATION

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MLA
Nollet, Lukas, et al. “The Role of Vitamin K and Its Related Compounds in Mendelian and Acquired Ectopic Mineralization Disorders.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, vol. 20, no. 9, 2019.
APA
Nollet, L., Van Gils, M., Verschuere, S., & Vanakker, O. (2019). The role of vitamin K and its related compounds in Mendelian and acquired ectopic mineralization disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 20(9).
Chicago author-date
Nollet, Lukas, Matthias Van Gils, Shana Verschuere, and Olivier Vanakker. 2019. “The Role of Vitamin K and Its Related Compounds in Mendelian and Acquired Ectopic Mineralization Disorders.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 20 (9).
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Nollet, Lukas, Matthias Van Gils, Shana Verschuere, and Olivier Vanakker. 2019. “The Role of Vitamin K and Its Related Compounds in Mendelian and Acquired Ectopic Mineralization Disorders.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 20 (9).
Vancouver
1.
Nollet L, Van Gils M, Verschuere S, Vanakker O. The role of vitamin K and its related compounds in Mendelian and acquired ectopic mineralization disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES. 2019;20(9).
IEEE
[1]
L. Nollet, M. Van Gils, S. Verschuere, and O. Vanakker, “The role of vitamin K and its related compounds in Mendelian and acquired ectopic mineralization disorders,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, vol. 20, no. 9, 2019.
@article{8613701,
  abstract     = {{Ectopic mineralization disorders comprise a broad spectrum of inherited or acquired diseases characterized by aberrant deposition of calcium crystals in multiple organs, such as the skin, eyes, kidneys, and blood vessels. Although the precise mechanisms leading to ectopic calcification are still incompletely known to date, various molecular targets leading to a disturbed balance between pro- and anti-mineralizing pathways have been identified in recent years. Vitamin K and its related compounds, mainly those post-translationally activated by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ectopic mineralization as has been demonstrated in studies on rare Mendelian diseases, but also on highly prevalent disorders, like vascular calcification. This narrative review compiles and summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of vitamin K, its metabolism, and associated compounds in the pathophysiology of both monogenic ectopic mineralization disorders, like pseudoxanthoma elasticum or Keutel syndrome, as well as acquired multifactorial diseases, like chronic kidney disease. Clinical and molecular aspects of the various disorders are discussed according to the state-of-the-art, followed by a comprehensive literature review regarding the role of vitamin K in molecular pathophysiology and as a therapeutic target in both human and animal models of ectopic mineralization disorders.}},
  articleno    = {{2142}},
  author       = {{Nollet, Lukas and Van Gils, Matthias and Verschuere, Shana and Vanakker, Olivier}},
  issn         = {{1422-0067}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES}},
  keywords     = {{Ectopic mineralization,vitamin K,matrix gla protein,pseudoxanthoma elasticum,PXE-like syndrome,vascular calcification,chronic kidney disease,Keutel syndrome,MATRIX-GLA-PROTEIN,PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM,VASCULAR CALCIFICATION,MOUSE MODEL,CUTIS LAXA,ABCC6(-/-) MICE,CLINICAL-MANIFESTATIONS,DEPENDENT CARBOXYLATION,ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION,TISSUE MINERALIZATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{19}},
  title        = {{The role of vitamin K and its related compounds in Mendelian and acquired ectopic mineralization disorders}},
  volume       = {{20}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

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