@article{8607051,
  abstract     = {{This study aimed to investigate the effect of pre and/or postnatal supplementation of a dry whole cell algae (DHA-Cold) to goat kids, on in vitro methane (CH4) production, animal growth, and rumen morphology at the age of 6 mo. Furthermore, the in vitro retreatment effect of DHA-Gold was evaluated. Twenty pregnant Saanen goats giving birth to 2 male kids were used. Half of these does were supplemented (D+) with 18.2 g/d of DHA-Gold in the last 3 wk of pregnancy, whereas the other half was not (D). After kidding, one goat kid per doe in both groups was supplemented daily with 0.28 g/kg of body weight of DHA-Gold (k+) until 12 wk, whereas the other goat kids were untreated (k). This resulted in 4 experimental groups D+k+, D+k, D k+, and D k, In vitro incubations were performed at the ages of 4 wk, 11 wk, and 6 mo. At the age of 6 mo, goat kids were euthanized and additional incubations were performed supplementing 4 doses of DHA-Gold (0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/mL). Additionally, rumen tissue of the atrium ruminis, ventral rumen, and dorsal blind sac were collected to assess rumen morphology. Rumen inocula of 4-wk-old goat kids supplemented D+ showed lower (P < 0.05) in vitro CH4 production, however, this was mainly due to a reduction in the overall fermentation, while CH4 expressed relatively to total volatile fatty acids (VFA) was higher when goat kids were treated D+ or k+. The detrimental D+ effect on VFA production diminished at 11 wk old but remained a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.1). As for 4 wk D+ as well as k+ supplementation of DHA-Gold stimulated rather than inhibited in vitro CH4 production expressed relative to total VFA. Supplementation of DHA-Gold either D+ or k+ decreased density, width, and surface area of the ruminal papillae. However, no effect on animal growth was observed. Moreover, detrimental effects of D+ or k+ treatment on VFA production or stimulation of relative CH4 production were no longer observed at 6 mo old. Nevertheless, direct exposure of DHA-Gold to 6-mo-old inoculum linearly (P < 0.05) decreased CH4 and VFA production, which tended (P = 0.06) to be greater when using D-rumen inoculum. Accordingly, neither D+ nor k+ DHA-Gold supplementation showed potential for reduction of rumen methanogenesis. Furthermore, this early life intervention could represent some risk for impaired rumen papillae development, which, however, did not impair animal performance.}},
  author       = {{Ruiz González, Alexis and Debruyne, Sieglinde and Dewanckele, Lore and Escobar, M and Vandaele, L. and Van Den Broeck, Wim and Fievez, Veerle}},
  issn         = {{0021-8812}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS,DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID,DRY PERIOD,EARLY-LIFE,PERFORMANCE,DIET,FERMENTATION,ADAPTATION,ABSORPTION,MICROALGAE,DHA-Gold,goats,in vitro methane,pre/postnatal supplementation,retreatment,rumen papillae}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{4845--4858}},
  title        = {{Supplementation of DHA-Gold pre and/or postnatally to goat kids modifies in vitro methane production and rumen morphology until 6 mo old}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky307}},
  volume       = {{96}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

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