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Plant-PET to investigate phloem vulnerability to drought in Populus tremula under changing climate regimes

Michiel Hubeau (UGent) , Jens Mincke (UGent) , Christian Vanhove (UGent) , Jan Courtyn (UGent) , Stefaan Vandenberghe (UGent) and Kathy Steppe (UGent)
(2019) TREE PHYSIOLOGY. 39(2). p.211-221
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Abstract
Phloem transport is of great importance in trees to distribute assimilated carbon across the entire tree. Nevertheless, knowledge of phloem is incomplete, because of the complexity of measuring its transport and characteristics. Only few studies have addressed how phloem transport might alter under climatic changes, with most data originating from theoretical studies. We measured phloem characteristics in leaves of young Populus tremula L. trees grown during 5 months under ambient (T-A, 404 ppm +/- 5) and elevated (T-E, 659 ppm +/- 3) atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) using a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and compartmental modelling. Short-term phloem dynamics were measured in vivo and non-invasively using the short-lived isotope of carbon, C-11 (half-life 20.4 min). Trees were scanned in well-watered and dry conditions to assess changes in phloem characteristics induced by drought. Reliability of the PET-derived results was verified with reported observations in the literature. Phloem speed was highest in well-watered T-E trees and strongly reduced by 81% under drought, whereas phloem speed reduced by 61% in T-A trees at the same level of drought. These findings led us to speculate that phloem transport in T-E trees might be more vulnerable to drought. We discuss how a higher phloem vulnerability to drought in a changing climate could impact tree hydraulic functioning. Taken together our results suggest that trees grown for 5 months under elevated [CO2] seem to be less well-acclimated to face projected hotter droughts in a changing climate.
Keywords
carbon-11 (C-11), climate change effects, compartmental modelling, phloem drought vulnerability, phloem dynamics, Populus tremula L, positron emission tomography (PET), ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION, DISTANCE TRACER-TRANSPORT, MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION, ALLOCATION DYNAMICS, CARBON LIMITATION, WATER-DEFICIT, ELEVATED CO2, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, XYLEM, TREES

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MLA
Hubeau, Michiel, et al. “Plant-PET to Investigate Phloem Vulnerability to Drought in Populus Tremula under Changing Climate Regimes.” TREE PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 39, no. 2, 2019, pp. 211–21, doi:10.1093/treephys/tpy131.
APA
Hubeau, M., Mincke, J., Vanhove, C., Courtyn, J., Vandenberghe, S., & Steppe, K. (2019). Plant-PET to investigate phloem vulnerability to drought in Populus tremula under changing climate regimes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 39(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpy131
Chicago author-date
Hubeau, Michiel, Jens Mincke, Christian Vanhove, Jan Courtyn, Stefaan Vandenberghe, and Kathy Steppe. 2019. “Plant-PET to Investigate Phloem Vulnerability to Drought in Populus Tremula under Changing Climate Regimes.” TREE PHYSIOLOGY 39 (2): 211–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpy131.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Hubeau, Michiel, Jens Mincke, Christian Vanhove, Jan Courtyn, Stefaan Vandenberghe, and Kathy Steppe. 2019. “Plant-PET to Investigate Phloem Vulnerability to Drought in Populus Tremula under Changing Climate Regimes.” TREE PHYSIOLOGY 39 (2): 211–221. doi:10.1093/treephys/tpy131.
Vancouver
1.
Hubeau M, Mincke J, Vanhove C, Courtyn J, Vandenberghe S, Steppe K. Plant-PET to investigate phloem vulnerability to drought in Populus tremula under changing climate regimes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY. 2019;39(2):211–21.
IEEE
[1]
M. Hubeau, J. Mincke, C. Vanhove, J. Courtyn, S. Vandenberghe, and K. Steppe, “Plant-PET to investigate phloem vulnerability to drought in Populus tremula under changing climate regimes,” TREE PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 211–221, 2019.
@article{8591040,
  abstract     = {{Phloem transport is of great importance in trees to distribute assimilated carbon across the entire tree. Nevertheless, knowledge of phloem is incomplete, because of the complexity of measuring its transport and characteristics. Only few studies have addressed how phloem transport might alter under climatic changes, with most data originating from theoretical studies. We measured phloem characteristics in leaves of young Populus tremula L. trees grown during 5 months under ambient (T-A, 404 ppm +/- 5) and elevated (T-E, 659 ppm +/- 3) atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) using a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and compartmental modelling. Short-term phloem dynamics were measured in vivo and non-invasively using the short-lived isotope of carbon, C-11 (half-life 20.4 min). Trees were scanned in well-watered and dry conditions to assess changes in phloem characteristics induced by drought. Reliability of the PET-derived results was verified with reported observations in the literature. Phloem speed was highest in well-watered T-E trees and strongly reduced by 81% under drought, whereas phloem speed reduced by 61% in T-A trees at the same level of drought. These findings led us to speculate that phloem transport in T-E trees might be more vulnerable to drought. We discuss how a higher phloem vulnerability to drought in a changing climate could impact tree hydraulic functioning. Taken together our results suggest that trees grown for 5 months under elevated [CO2] seem to be less well-acclimated to face projected hotter droughts in a changing climate.}},
  author       = {{Hubeau, Michiel and Mincke, Jens and Vanhove, Christian and Courtyn, Jan and Vandenberghe, Stefaan and Steppe, Kathy}},
  issn         = {{0829-318X}},
  journal      = {{TREE PHYSIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{carbon-11 (C-11),climate change effects,compartmental modelling,phloem drought vulnerability,phloem dynamics,Populus tremula L,positron emission tomography (PET),ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION,DISTANCE TRACER-TRANSPORT,MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION,ALLOCATION DYNAMICS,CARBON LIMITATION,WATER-DEFICIT,ELEVATED CO2,PHOTOSYNTHESIS,XYLEM,TREES}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{211--221}},
  title        = {{Plant-PET to investigate phloem vulnerability to drought in Populus tremula under changing climate regimes}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpy131}},
  volume       = {{39}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}
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