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Can optimum yield and quality of vegetables be reconciled with low residual soil mineral nitrogen at harvest?

Karoline D’Haene, Joost Salomez, Micheline Verhaeghe, Tomas Van de Sande, Joris De Nies, Stefaan De Neve (UGent) and Georges Hofman (UGent)
(2018) SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE. 233. p.78-89
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Abstract
Despite massive efforts over the past twenty-five years to reduce nitrogen (N) losses, too high nitrate (NO3-) concentrations in surface and groundwater from agricultural sources remain a major environmental concern, especially in field grown vegetable production areas. A strict restriction of the N fertiliser application rates is accepted to be the best N management strategy to minimise NO3- leaching losses to surface and groundwater. We analysed Flemish field experiments on lettuce, spinach, leek, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts with various N fertiliser application rates (2009-2016) with a view to fine-tune the N fertiliser application rates where possible. To find an economic and ecological optimum we considered both yield quantity, quality (leaf colour and uniformity for all vegetables, and nitrate concentration for leafy vegetables) and residual soil mineral N (RSMN) to rooting depth at harvest in function of crop available N. Even at relatively high crop available N, NO3- concentrations in lettuce and spinach remained below the legal maximum concentration. Contrary to some farmers' perception, low RSMN can be obtained without a low score for quality parameters leaf colour and uniformity, except for the un- and underfertilised plots. When crop available N exceeds the optimum, RSMN increased steeply (i.e. a breakpoint) for all considered vegetables, except carrots, implying an increased risk of NO3- leaching. The results indicate that N fertilisation advices and maximum allowed N fertiliser application rates can be reduced, at least for some vegetables, without a risk of decreasing the marketable yield quantity and quality. As N uptake continues to increase, to a variable extent, after the maximum marketable yield has been obtained, N fertiliser application rates obviously should be based on marketable yield rather than total yield.
Keywords
Crop available nitrogen, Dose response curve, Nitrates directive, Nitrogen fertiliser application rate, Soil mineral nitrogen balance, DAUCUS-CAROTA L., CROP RESIDUES, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, N FERTILIZATION, CARROT, CAULIFLOWER, RESPONSES, SYSTEM, LEEK

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MLA
D’Haene, Karoline, et al. “Can Optimum Yield and Quality of Vegetables Be Reconciled with Low Residual Soil Mineral Nitrogen at Harvest?” SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE, vol. 233, 2018, pp. 78–89, doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.034.
APA
D’Haene, K., Salomez, J., Verhaeghe, M., Van de Sande, T., De Nies, J., De Neve, S., & Hofman, G. (2018). Can optimum yield and quality of vegetables be reconciled with low residual soil mineral nitrogen at harvest? SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE, 233, 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.034
Chicago author-date
D’Haene, Karoline, Joost Salomez, Micheline Verhaeghe, Tomas Van de Sande, Joris De Nies, Stefaan De Neve, and Georges Hofman. 2018. “Can Optimum Yield and Quality of Vegetables Be Reconciled with Low Residual Soil Mineral Nitrogen at Harvest?” SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 233: 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.034.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
D’Haene, Karoline, Joost Salomez, Micheline Verhaeghe, Tomas Van de Sande, Joris De Nies, Stefaan De Neve, and Georges Hofman. 2018. “Can Optimum Yield and Quality of Vegetables Be Reconciled with Low Residual Soil Mineral Nitrogen at Harvest?” SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 233: 78–89. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.034.
Vancouver
1.
D’Haene K, Salomez J, Verhaeghe M, Van de Sande T, De Nies J, De Neve S, et al. Can optimum yield and quality of vegetables be reconciled with low residual soil mineral nitrogen at harvest? SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE. 2018;233:78–89.
IEEE
[1]
K. D’Haene et al., “Can optimum yield and quality of vegetables be reconciled with low residual soil mineral nitrogen at harvest?,” SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE, vol. 233, pp. 78–89, 2018.
@article{8588151,
  abstract     = {{Despite massive efforts over the past twenty-five years to reduce nitrogen (N) losses, too high nitrate (NO3-) concentrations in surface and groundwater from agricultural sources remain a major environmental concern, especially in field grown vegetable production areas. A strict restriction of the N fertiliser application rates is accepted to be the best N management strategy to minimise NO3- leaching losses to surface and groundwater.
We analysed Flemish field experiments on lettuce, spinach, leek, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts with various N fertiliser application rates (2009-2016) with a view to fine-tune the N fertiliser application rates where possible. To find an economic and ecological optimum we considered both yield quantity, quality (leaf colour and uniformity for all vegetables, and nitrate concentration for leafy vegetables) and residual soil mineral N (RSMN) to rooting depth at harvest in function of crop available N. Even at relatively high crop available N, NO3- concentrations in lettuce and spinach remained below the legal maximum concentration. Contrary to some farmers' perception, low RSMN can be obtained without a low score for quality parameters leaf colour and uniformity, except for the un- and underfertilised plots. When crop available N exceeds the optimum, RSMN increased steeply (i.e. a breakpoint) for all considered vegetables, except carrots, implying an increased risk of NO3- leaching. The results indicate that N fertilisation advices and maximum allowed N fertiliser application rates can be reduced, at least for some vegetables, without a risk of decreasing the marketable yield quantity and quality. As N uptake continues to increase, to a variable extent, after the maximum marketable yield has been obtained, N fertiliser application rates obviously should be based on marketable yield rather than total yield.}},
  author       = {{D’Haene, Karoline and Salomez, Joost and Verhaeghe, Micheline and Van de Sande, Tomas and De Nies, Joris and De Neve, Stefaan and Hofman, Georges}},
  issn         = {{0304-4238}},
  journal      = {{SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}},
  keywords     = {{Crop available nitrogen,Dose response curve,Nitrates directive,Nitrogen fertiliser application rate,Soil mineral nitrogen balance,DAUCUS-CAROTA L.,CROP RESIDUES,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE,N FERTILIZATION,CARROT,CAULIFLOWER,RESPONSES,SYSTEM,LEEK}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{78--89}},
  title        = {{Can optimum yield and quality of vegetables be reconciled with low residual soil mineral nitrogen at harvest?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.034}},
  volume       = {{233}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}
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