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Opening the black box : a multilevel framework for studying group processes

Jonas Lang (UGent) , Paul D. Bliese and Amy B. Adler
(2019) ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE. 2(3). p.271-287
Author
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Abstract
Over time, groups can change in at least two important ways. First, they can display different trajectories (e.g., increases or decreases) on constructs of interest. Second, the configuration of group members' responses within a group can change, such that the members become more or less similar to each other. Psychologists have historically been interested in understanding changes in groups over time; however, there is currently no comprehensive quantitative framework for studying and modeling group processes over time. We present a multilevel framework for such research-the multilevel group-process framework (MGPF). The MGPF builds on a statistical approach developed to capture whether individual members of a group develop a shared climate over time, but we extend the core ideas in two important ways. First, we describe how researchers can gain insights into group phenomena such as group leniency, group learning, groupthink, group extremity, group forming, group freezing, and group adjourning through modeling change in latent mean levels and consensus. Second, we present a sequence of model-testing steps that enable researchers to systematically study and contrast different group processes. We describe how the MGPF can lead to novel research questions and illustrate its use in two example data sets.
Keywords
intragroup processes, minority, organizations, time, mixed-effects, modeling, multilevel modeling, longitudinal design, field study, R, emergence, climate, teams, open data, open materials, DECISION-MAKING, DYNAMICS, MODELS, EMERGENCE, COHESION, SOLDIERS

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MLA
Lang, Jonas, et al. “Opening the Black Box : A Multilevel Framework for Studying Group Processes.” ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, vol. 2, no. 3, 2019, pp. 271–87, doi:10.1177/2515245918823722.
APA
Lang, J., Bliese, P. D., & Adler, A. B. (2019). Opening the black box : a multilevel framework for studying group processes. ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 2(3), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918823722
Chicago author-date
Lang, Jonas, Paul D. Bliese, and Amy B. Adler. 2019. “Opening the Black Box : A Multilevel Framework for Studying Group Processes.” ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2 (3): 271–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918823722.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Lang, Jonas, Paul D. Bliese, and Amy B. Adler. 2019. “Opening the Black Box : A Multilevel Framework for Studying Group Processes.” ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2 (3): 271–287. doi:10.1177/2515245918823722.
Vancouver
1.
Lang J, Bliese PD, Adler AB. Opening the black box : a multilevel framework for studying group processes. ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE. 2019;2(3):271–87.
IEEE
[1]
J. Lang, P. D. Bliese, and A. B. Adler, “Opening the black box : a multilevel framework for studying group processes,” ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 271–287, 2019.
@article{8583532,
  abstract     = {{Over time, groups can change in at least two important ways. First, they can display different trajectories (e.g., increases or decreases) on constructs of interest. Second, the configuration of group members' responses within a group can change, such that the members become more or less similar to each other. Psychologists have historically been interested in understanding changes in groups over time; however, there is currently no comprehensive quantitative framework for studying and modeling group processes over time. We present a multilevel framework for such research-the multilevel group-process framework (MGPF). The MGPF builds on a statistical approach developed to capture whether individual members of a group develop a shared climate over time, but we extend the core ideas in two important ways. First, we describe how researchers can gain insights into group phenomena such as group leniency, group learning, groupthink, group extremity, group forming, group freezing, and group adjourning through modeling change in latent mean levels and consensus. Second, we present a sequence of model-testing steps that enable researchers to systematically study and contrast different group processes. We describe how the MGPF can lead to novel research questions and illustrate its use in two example data sets.}},
  author       = {{Lang, Jonas and Bliese, Paul D. and Adler, Amy B.}},
  issn         = {{2515-2459}},
  journal      = {{ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{intragroup processes,minority,organizations,time,mixed-effects,modeling,multilevel modeling,longitudinal design,field study,R,emergence,climate,teams,open data,open materials,DECISION-MAKING,DYNAMICS,MODELS,EMERGENCE,COHESION,SOLDIERS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{271--287}},
  title        = {{Opening the black box : a multilevel framework for studying group processes}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918823722}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}
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