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The labyrinth towards citizenship : contradictions in the framing and categorizing of immigrants in immigration and integration policies

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Abstract
Restrictive policies in Europe are accompanied by exclusionary discourses concerning national citizenship of immigrants, depicting them dichotomously as either ‘deserving’ or ‘undeserving’. In our analysis of both immigration and integration policies in Belgium, we focus on how these political discourses interact to differentiate between categories of immigrants who are in/excluded to some degree in a more complex way than the dichotomy suggests. We conduct framing and category analysis of migration and integration policies to reveal a discursive field with four central frames producing seven categorizations of immigrants with different degrees of deservingness. Instead of a linear path, migrants are trapped in a labyrinth towards citizenship. We uncover four main contradictions in the policy discourse, leading to the conclusion that an ever probationary citizenship status is the highest obtainable goal for certain immigrants. Lastly, we discuss the implications of this labyrinth for the socioeconomic position of immigrants.
Keywords
Policy analysis, immigration, integration, citizenship, human rights, categories

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MLA
Waerniers, Rachel, and Lesley Hustinx. “The Labyrinth towards Citizenship : Contradictions in the Framing and Categorizing of Immigrants in Immigration and Integration Policies.” IDENTITIES-GLOBAL STUDIES IN CULTURE AND POWER, vol. 26, no. 3, 2019, pp. 270–88, doi:10.1080/1070289X.2019.1590025.
APA
Waerniers, R., & Hustinx, L. (2019). The labyrinth towards citizenship : contradictions in the framing and categorizing of immigrants in immigration and integration policies. IDENTITIES-GLOBAL STUDIES IN CULTURE AND POWER, 26(3), 270–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2019.1590025
Chicago author-date
Waerniers, Rachel, and Lesley Hustinx. 2019. “The Labyrinth towards Citizenship : Contradictions in the Framing and Categorizing of Immigrants in Immigration and Integration Policies.” IDENTITIES-GLOBAL STUDIES IN CULTURE AND POWER 26 (3): 270–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2019.1590025.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Waerniers, Rachel, and Lesley Hustinx. 2019. “The Labyrinth towards Citizenship : Contradictions in the Framing and Categorizing of Immigrants in Immigration and Integration Policies.” IDENTITIES-GLOBAL STUDIES IN CULTURE AND POWER 26 (3): 270–288. doi:10.1080/1070289X.2019.1590025.
Vancouver
1.
Waerniers R, Hustinx L. The labyrinth towards citizenship : contradictions in the framing and categorizing of immigrants in immigration and integration policies. IDENTITIES-GLOBAL STUDIES IN CULTURE AND POWER. 2019;26(3):270–88.
IEEE
[1]
R. Waerniers and L. Hustinx, “The labyrinth towards citizenship : contradictions in the framing and categorizing of immigrants in immigration and integration policies,” IDENTITIES-GLOBAL STUDIES IN CULTURE AND POWER, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 270–288, 2019.
@article{8583477,
  abstract     = {{Restrictive policies in Europe are accompanied by exclusionary discourses concerning national citizenship of immigrants, depicting them dichotomously as either ‘deserving’ or ‘undeserving’. In our analysis of both immigration and integration policies in Belgium, we focus on how these political discourses interact to differentiate between categories of immigrants who are in/excluded to some degree in a more complex way than the dichotomy suggests. We conduct framing and category analysis of migration and integration policies to reveal a discursive field with four central frames  producing seven categorizations of immigrants with different degrees of deservingness. Instead of a linear path, migrants are trapped in a labyrinth towards citizenship. We uncover four main contradictions in the policy discourse, leading to the conclusion that an ever probationary citizenship status is the highest obtainable goal for certain immigrants. Lastly, we discuss the implications of this labyrinth for the socioeconomic position of immigrants.}},
  author       = {{Waerniers, Rachel and Hustinx, Lesley}},
  issn         = {{1070-289X}},
  journal      = {{IDENTITIES-GLOBAL STUDIES IN CULTURE AND POWER}},
  keywords     = {{Policy analysis,immigration,integration,citizenship,human rights,categories}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{270--288}},
  title        = {{The labyrinth towards citizenship : contradictions in the framing and categorizing of immigrants in immigration and integration policies}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2019.1590025}},
  volume       = {{26}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

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