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Cognitive training for freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease : a randomized controlled trial

Courtney C. Walton, Loren Mowszowski, Moran Gilat, Julie Hall (UGent) , Claire O’Callaghan, Alana J. Muller, Matthew Georgiades, Jennifer Y. Y. Szeto, Kaylena A. Ehgoetz Martens, James M. Shine, et al.
(2018) NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE. 4.
Author
Organization
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanism of freezing of gait (FoG) has been linked to executive dysfunction. Cognitive training (CT) is a non-pharmacological intervention which has been shown to improve executive functioning in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to explore whether targeted CT can reduce the severity of FoG in PD. Patients with PD who self-reported FoG and were free from dementia were randomly allocated to receive either a CT intervention or an active control. Both groups were clinician-facilitated and conducted twice-weekly for seven weeks. The primary outcome was percentage of time spent frozen during a Timed Up and Go task, assessed both on and off dopaminergic medications. Secondary outcomes included multiple neuropsychological and psychosocial measures. A full analysis was first conducted on all participants randomized, followed by a sample of interest including only those who had objective FoG at baseline, and completed the intervention. Sixty-five patients were randomized into the study. The sample of interest included 20 in the CT group and 18 in the active control group. The primary outcome of percentage time spent frozen during a gait task was significantly improved in the CT group compared to active controls in the on-state. There were no differences in the off-state. Patients who received CT also demonstrated improved processing speed and reduced daytime sleepiness compared to those in the active control. The findings suggest that CT can reduce the severity of FoG in the on-state, however replication in a larger sample is required.
Keywords
MOVEMENT-DISORDER, NORMATIVE DATA, OLDER-ADULTS, REMEDIATION, REHABILITATION, QUESTIONNAIRE, IMPAIRMENT, LEVODOPA, PROGRAM, MEMORY

Citation

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:

MLA
Walton, Courtney C., et al. “Cognitive Training for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease : A Randomized Controlled Trial.” NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE, vol. 4, 2018, doi:10.1038/s41531-018-0052-6.
APA
Walton, C. C., Mowszowski, L., Gilat, M., Hall, J., O’Callaghan, C., Muller, A. J., … Lewis, S. J. G. (2018). Cognitive training for freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease : a randomized controlled trial. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE, 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-018-0052-6
Chicago author-date
Walton, Courtney C., Loren Mowszowski, Moran Gilat, Julie Hall, Claire O’Callaghan, Alana J. Muller, Matthew Georgiades, et al. 2018. “Cognitive Training for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease : A Randomized Controlled Trial.” NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-018-0052-6.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Walton, Courtney C., Loren Mowszowski, Moran Gilat, Julie Hall, Claire O’Callaghan, Alana J. Muller, Matthew Georgiades, Jennifer Y. Y. Szeto, Kaylena A. Ehgoetz Martens, James M. Shine, Sharon L. Naismith, and Simon J. G. Lewis. 2018. “Cognitive Training for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease : A Randomized Controlled Trial.” NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 4. doi:10.1038/s41531-018-0052-6.
Vancouver
1.
Walton CC, Mowszowski L, Gilat M, Hall J, O’Callaghan C, Muller AJ, et al. Cognitive training for freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease : a randomized controlled trial. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE. 2018;4.
IEEE
[1]
C. C. Walton et al., “Cognitive training for freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease : a randomized controlled trial,” NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE, vol. 4, 2018.
@article{8578262,
  abstract     = {The pathophysiological mechanism of freezing of gait (FoG) has been linked to executive dysfunction. Cognitive training (CT) is a non-pharmacological intervention which has been shown to improve executive functioning in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to explore whether targeted CT can reduce the severity of FoG in PD. Patients with PD who self-reported FoG and were free from dementia were randomly allocated to receive either a CT intervention or an active control. Both groups were clinician-facilitated and conducted twice-weekly for seven weeks. The primary outcome was percentage of time spent frozen during a Timed Up and Go task, assessed both on and off dopaminergic medications. Secondary outcomes included multiple neuropsychological and psychosocial measures. A full analysis was first conducted on all participants randomized, followed by a sample of interest including only those who had objective FoG at baseline, and completed the intervention. Sixty-five patients were randomized into the study. The sample of interest included 20 in the CT group and 18 in the active control group. The primary outcome of percentage time spent frozen during a gait task was significantly improved in the CT group compared to active controls in the on-state. There were no differences in the off-state. Patients who received CT also demonstrated improved processing speed and reduced daytime sleepiness compared to those in the active control. The findings suggest that CT can reduce the severity of FoG in the on-state, however replication in a larger sample is required.},
  articleno    = {15},
  author       = {Walton, Courtney C. and Mowszowski, Loren and Gilat, Moran and Hall, Julie and O’Callaghan, Claire and Muller, Alana J. and Georgiades, Matthew and Szeto, Jennifer Y. Y. and Ehgoetz Martens, Kaylena A. and Shine, James M. and Naismith, Sharon L. and Lewis, Simon J. G.},
  issn         = {2373-8057},
  journal      = {NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE},
  keywords     = {MOVEMENT-DISORDER,NORMATIVE DATA,OLDER-ADULTS,REMEDIATION,REHABILITATION,QUESTIONNAIRE,IMPAIRMENT,LEVODOPA,PROGRAM,MEMORY},
  language     = {eng},
  pages        = {9},
  title        = {Cognitive training for freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease : a randomized controlled trial},
  url          = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41531-018-0052-6},
  volume       = {4},
  year         = {2018},
}
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