@article{8576978,
  abstract     = {{Introduction: The ergogenic response following long-term ingestion of beta-alanine shows a high inter-individual variation. It is hypothesized that this variation is partially caused by a variable pharmacokinetic response induced by inferior dosing strategies. At this point most supplements are either taken in a fixed amount (x g), as is the case with beta-alanine, or relative to body weight (x g per kg BW), but there is currently neither consensus nor a scientific rationale on why these or other dosing strategies should be used. The aim of this study is to objectify and understand the variation in plasma pharmacokinetics of a single oral b-alanine dose supplemented as either a fixed or a weight-relative dose (WRD) in an anthropometric diverse sample. 
Methods: An anthropometric diverse sample ingested a fixed dose (1,400mg) (n = 28) and a WRD of beta-alanine (10 mg/kg BW) (n = 34) on separate occasions. Blood samples were taken before and at nine time points (up to 4 h) after beta-alanine ingestion in order to establish a pharmacokinetic profile. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. Plasma beta-alanine was quantified using HPLC-fluorescence. 
Results: The variation coefficient (CV%) of the iAUC was 35.0% following ingestion of 1,400mg b-alanine. Body weight explained 30.1% of the variance and was negatively correlated to iAUC (r = -0.549; p = 0.003). Interestingly, the CV% did not decrease with WRD (33.2%) and body weight was positively correlated to iAUC in response to the WRD (r = 0.488; p = 0.003). 
Conclusion: Both dosing strategies evoked an equally high inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetic plasma profile. Strikingly, while body weight explained a relevant part of the variation observed following a fixed dose, correction for body weight did not improve the homogeneity in b-alanine plasma response. We suggest to put more effort into the optimization of easy applicable and scientifically justified personalized dosing strategies.}},
  articleno    = {{70}},
  author       = {{Stautemas, Jan and Everaert, Inge and Lefevere, Filip and Derave, Wim}},
  issn         = {{2296-861X}},
  journal      = {{FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION}},
  keywords     = {{beta-alanine,sports supplements,pharmacokinetics,personalized nutrition,carnosine,SKELETAL-MUSCLE,CARNOSINE,SUPPLEMENTATION,EXERCISE,PERFORMANCE,HISTIDINE,CAPACITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{7}},
  title        = {{Pharmacokinetics of β-alanine using different dosing strategies}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2018.00070}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

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