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Magnetic resonance imaging of third molars in forensic age estimation : comparison of the Ghent and Graz protocols focusing on apical closure

Author
Organization
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the Ghent and Graz magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for third molars, focusing on the assessment of apical closure. To study the influence of (1) voxel size and (2) head fixation using a bite bar. To compare both protocols with a ground truth of apical development. Materials and Methods: In eleven healthy volunteers 3T MRI was conducted, including four Ghent sequences and two Graz sequences, with and without bite bar. After removal, 39 third molars were scanned with 7T µMRI and µCT to establish the ground truth of apical development. Three observers in consensus evaluated assessability and allocated developmental stages. Results: The Ghent T2 FSE sequence (0.33 x 0.33 x 2 mm³) was more assessable than the Graz T1 3D FSE sequence (0.59 x 0.59 x 1 mm³). Comparing assessability in both sequences with bite bar rendered P = 0.02, whereas comparing those without bite bar rendered P < 0.001. Within the same sequence, the bite bar increased assessability, with P = 0.03 for the Ghent T2 FSE and P = 0.07 for the Graz T1 3D FSE. Considering µCT as ground truth for staging, allocated stages on MRI were most frequently equal or higher. Among in vivo protocols, the allocated stages did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Imaging modality-specific and MRI sequence-specific reference data are needed in age estimation. A higher in plane resolution and a bite bar increase assessability of apical closure, whereas they do not affect stage allocation of assessable apices.

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MLA
De Tobel, Jannick, et al. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Third Molars in Forensic Age Estimation : Comparison of the Ghent and Graz Protocols Focusing on Apical Closure.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE, vol. 133, no. 2, 2019, pp. 583–92, doi:10.1007/s00414-018-1905-6.
APA
De Tobel, J., Parmentier, G., Phlypo, I., Descamps, B., Neyt, S., Van De Velde, W. L., … Thevissen, P. W. (2019). Magnetic resonance imaging of third molars in forensic age estimation : comparison of the Ghent and Graz protocols focusing on apical closure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE, 133(2), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-018-1905-6
Chicago author-date
De Tobel, Jannick, Griet Parmentier, Inès Phlypo, Benedicte Descamps, Sara Neyt, Wim Leon Van De Velde, Constantinus Politis, Koenraad Verstraete, and Patrick Werner Thevissen. 2019. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Third Molars in Forensic Age Estimation : Comparison of the Ghent and Graz Protocols Focusing on Apical Closure.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 133 (2): 583–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-018-1905-6.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Tobel, Jannick, Griet Parmentier, Inès Phlypo, Benedicte Descamps, Sara Neyt, Wim Leon Van De Velde, Constantinus Politis, Koenraad Verstraete, and Patrick Werner Thevissen. 2019. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Third Molars in Forensic Age Estimation : Comparison of the Ghent and Graz Protocols Focusing on Apical Closure.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 133 (2): 583–592. doi:10.1007/s00414-018-1905-6.
Vancouver
1.
De Tobel J, Parmentier G, Phlypo I, Descamps B, Neyt S, Van De Velde WL, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of third molars in forensic age estimation : comparison of the Ghent and Graz protocols focusing on apical closure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE. 2019;133(2):583–92.
IEEE
[1]
J. De Tobel et al., “Magnetic resonance imaging of third molars in forensic age estimation : comparison of the Ghent and Graz protocols focusing on apical closure,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE, vol. 133, no. 2, pp. 583–592, 2019.
@article{8571744,
  abstract     = {{Purpose: To compare the Ghent and Graz magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for third molars, focusing on the assessment of apical closure. To study the influence of (1) voxel size and (2) head fixation using a bite bar. To compare both protocols with a ground truth of apical development.
Materials and Methods: In eleven healthy volunteers 3T MRI was conducted, including four Ghent sequences and two Graz sequences, with and without bite bar. After removal, 39 third molars were scanned with 7T µMRI and µCT to establish the ground truth of apical development. Three observers in consensus evaluated assessability and allocated developmental stages.
Results: The Ghent T2 FSE sequence (0.33 x 0.33 x 2 mm³) was more assessable than the Graz T1 3D FSE sequence (0.59 x 0.59 x 1 mm³). Comparing assessability in both sequences with bite bar rendered P = 0.02, whereas comparing those without bite bar rendered P < 0.001. Within the same sequence, the bite bar increased assessability, with P = 0.03 for the Ghent T2 FSE and P = 0.07 for the Graz T1 3D FSE. Considering µCT as ground truth for staging, allocated stages on MRI were most frequently equal or higher. Among in vivo protocols, the allocated stages did not differ significantly.
Conclusion: Imaging modality-specific and MRI sequence-specific reference data are needed in age estimation. A higher in plane resolution and a bite bar increase assessability of apical closure, whereas they do not affect stage allocation of assessable apices.}},
  author       = {{De Tobel, Jannick and Parmentier, Griet and Phlypo, Inès and Descamps, Benedicte and Neyt, Sara and Van De Velde, Wim Leon and Politis, Constantinus and Verstraete, Koenraad and Thevissen, Patrick Werner}},
  issn         = {{0937-9827}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{583--592}},
  title        = {{Magnetic resonance imaging of third molars in forensic age estimation : comparison of the Ghent and Graz protocols focusing on apical closure}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-018-1905-6}},
  volume       = {{133}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

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