@article{8571655,
  abstract     = {{Aim: Our aim is to demonstrate that a healthy diet might reduce the relation between adiposity and inflammation, whereas an unhealthy diet may increase the effect of adiposity on inflammatory biomarkers. 
Methods: In 618 adolescents (13-17years) of the European HELENA study, data were available on body composition, a set of inflammation markers, and food intake determined by a self-administered computerized 24-h recall. A 9-point Mediterranean diet score and an antioxidant-rich diet score were used as dietary parameters and tested as moderator. Total body fat was represented by the sum of six skinfold thicknesses and central adiposity by waist circumference. A set of inflammation-related biomarkers was used as outcome: a pro/anti-inflammatory interleukins ratio, TGF beta-1, C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, 3 cell adhesion molecules, and 3 types of immune cells; gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and homocysteine were used as cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers, and alanine transaminase (ALT) as liver dysfunction biomarker. Multiple linear regression analyses tested moderation by diet in the adiposity-inflammation association and were adjusted for age, sex, country, puberty, socioeconomic status. 
Results: Both the Mediterranean and antioxidant-rich diet, and overall and central adiposity, were important in the moderation. Diet was a significant protective moderator in the effect of adiposity on the pro/anti-inflammatory interleukins ratio, TGF beta-1, GGT, and ALT. 
Conclusion: In conclusion, in some cases, a diet rich in antioxidants and essential nutrients may attenuate the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers caused by adiposity, whereas a poor diet appears to contribute to the onset of early oxidative stress signs.}},
  author       = {{Arouca, Aline and Moreno, Luis A and Gonzalez-Gil, Esther M and Marcos, Ascensión and Widhalm, Kurt and Molnár, Dénes and Manios, Yannis and Gottrand, Frederic and Kafatos, Anthony and Kersting, Mathilde and Sjöström, Michael and Amaro-Gahete, Francisco J and Ferrari, Marika and Huybrechts, Inge and Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela and De Henauw, Stefaan and Michels, Nathalie}},
  issn         = {{1436-6207}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION}},
  keywords     = {{Low-grade inflammation,Adiposity,Mediterranean diet score,Adolescents,POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS,GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSFERASE,HEALTHY LIFE-STYLE,MEDITERRANEAN DIET,ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE,EUROPEAN ADOLESCENTS,LIVER-DISEASE,BODY-FAT,INCREASED RISK,CHILDREN}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{1947--1960}},
  title        = {{Diet as moderator in the association of adiposity with inflammatory biomarkers among adolescents in the HELENA study}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1749-3}},
  volume       = {{58}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

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