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Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino interaction cross-section with IceCube using Earth absorption

MG Aartsen, GC Hill, A Kyriacou, S Robertson, A Wallace, BJ Whelan, M Ackermann, E Bernardini, S Blot, F Bradascio, et al.
(2017) NATURE. 551(7682). p.596-600
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Abstract
Neutrinos interact only very weakly, so they are extremely penetrating. The theoretical neutrino-nucleon interaction cross-section, however, increases with increasing neutrino energy, and neutrinos with energies above 40 teraelectronvolts (TeV) are expected to be absorbed as they pass through the Earth. Experimentally, the cross-section has been determined only at the relatively low energies (below 0.4 TeV) that are available at neutrino beams fromaccelerators(1,2). Here we report a measurement of neutrino absorption by the Earth using a sample of 10,784 energetic upward-going neutrino-induced muons. The flux of high-energy neutrinos transiting long paths through the Earth is attenuated compared to a reference sample that follows shorter trajectories. Using a fit to the two-dimensional distribution of muon energy and zenith angle, we determine the neutrino-nucleon interaction cross-section for neutrino energies 6.3-980 TeV, more than an order of magnitude higher than previous measurements. The measured cross-section is about 1.3 times the prediction of the standard model(3), consistent with the expectations for charged-and neutral-current interactions. We do not observe a large increase in the crosssection with neutrino energy, in contrast with the predictions of some theoretical models, including those invoking more compact spatial dimensions(4) or the production of leptoquarks(5). This cross-section measurement can be used to set limits on the existence of some hypothesized beyond-standard-model particles, including leptoquarks.
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MLA
Aartsen, MG, et al. “Measurement of the Multi-TeV Neutrino Interaction Cross-Section with IceCube Using Earth Absorption.” NATURE, vol. 551, no. 7682, 2017, pp. 596–600, doi:10.1038/nature24459.
APA
Aartsen, M., Hill, G., Kyriacou, A., Robertson, S., Wallace, A., Whelan, B., … Tung, C. (2017). Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino interaction cross-section with IceCube using Earth absorption. NATURE, 551(7682), 596–600. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24459
Chicago author-date
Aartsen, MG, GC Hill, A Kyriacou, S Robertson, A Wallace, BJ Whelan, M Ackermann, et al. 2017. “Measurement of the Multi-TeV Neutrino Interaction Cross-Section with IceCube Using Earth Absorption.” NATURE 551 (7682): 596–600. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24459.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Aartsen, MG, GC Hill, A Kyriacou, S Robertson, A Wallace, BJ Whelan, M Ackermann, E Bernardini, S Blot, F Bradascio, H-P Bretz, J Brostean-Kaiser, A Franckowiak, E Jacobi, T Karg, T Kintscher, S Kunwar, R Nahnhauer, K Satalecka, C Spiering, J Stachurska, A Stasik, NL Strotjohann, A Terliuk, M Usner, J van Santen, J Adams, H Bagherpour, JA Aguilar, I Ansseau, D Heereman, K Meagher, T Meures, A O’Murchadha, E Pinat, C Raab, M Ahlers, DJ Koskinen, MJ Larson, M Medici, M Rameez, M Ahrens, C Bohm, JP Dumm, C Finley, S Flis, K Hultqvist, C Walck, M Zoll, I Al Samarai, S Bron, T Carver, A Christov, T Montaruli, D Altmann, G Anton, T Gluesenkamp, U Katz, T Kittler, M Tselengidou, K Andeen, M. Plum, T Anderson, JJ DeLaunay, M Dunkman, P Eller, F Huang, A Keivani, JL Lanfranchi, DV Pankova, G Tesic, CF Turley, MJ Weiss, C Arguelles, S Axani, GH Collin, JM Conrad, M Moulai, J Auffenberg, M Brenzke, T Glauch, C Haack, P Kalaczynski, JP Koschinsky, M Leuermann, L Rdel, R Reimann, M Rongen, T Saelzer, S Schoenen, L Schumacher, J Stettner, M Vehring, E Vogel, M Wallraff, A Waza, CH Wiebusch, X Bai, JP Barron, W Giang, D Grant, C Kopper, RW Moore, SC Nowicki, SE Sanchez Herrera, S Sarkar, FD Wandler, C Weaver, TR Wood, E Woolsey, JP Yanez, SW Barwick, G Yodh, V Baum, S Boeser, V di Lorenzo, B Eberhardt, T Ehrhardt, L Koepke, G Krueckl, G Momente, P Peiffer, J Sandroos, A Steuer, K Wiebe, R Bay, K Filimonov, PB Price, K Woschnagg, JJ Beatty, J Becker Tjus, F Bos, B Eichmann, M Kroll, S Schoeneberg, F Tenholt, K-H Becker, D Bindig, K Helbing, S Hickford, R Hoffmann, F Lauber, U Naumann, A Obertacke Pollmann, D Soldin, S BenZvi, R Cross, D Berley, E Blaufuss, E Cheung, J Felde, E Friedman, R Hellauer, KD Hoffman, R Maunu, A Olivas, T Schmidt, M Song, GW Sullivan, DZ Besson, G Binder, SR Klein, S Miarecki, T Palczewski, J Tatar, M Boerner, T Fuchs, M Huennefeld, M Meier, T Menne, D Pieloth, W Rhode, T Ruhe, A Sandrock, P Schlunder, J Soedingrekso, J Werthebach, D Bose, H Dujmovic, S In, M Jeong, W Kang, J Kim, C Rott, O Botner, A Burgman, A Hallgren, C Perez de los Heros, E Unger, J Bourbeau, J Braun, J Casey, D Chirkin, M Day, P Desiati, JC Diaz-Velez, S Fahey, K Ghorbani, Z Griffith, F Halzen, K Hanson, B Hokanson-Fasig, K Hoshina, K Jero, A Karle, M Kauer, JL Kelley, A Kheirandish, QR Liu, W Luszczak, S Mancina, F McNally, G Merino, A Schneider, MN Tobin, D Tosi, B Ty, J Vandenbroucke, N Wandkowsky, C Wendt, S Westerhoff, L Wille, M Wolf, J Wood, DL Xu, T Yuan, L Brayeur, M Casier, C De Clercq, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, J Kunnen, J Lunemann, G Maggi, S Toscano, N van Eijndhoven, K Clark, L Classen, A Kappes, S Coenders, M Huber, K Krings, IC Rea, E Resconi, A Turcati, DF Cowen, JPAM de Andre, T DeYoung, J Hignight, D Lennarz, KBM Mahn, J Micallef, G Neer, D Rysewyk, H Dembinski, PA Evenson, TK Gaisser, JG Gonzalez, R Koirala, H Pandya, D Seckel, T Stanev, S Tilav, Sam De Ridder, Mathieu Labare, Dirk Ryckbosch, Ward Van Driessche, Sander Vanheule, Matthias Vraeghe, M de With, D Hebecker, H Kolanoski, AR Fazely, S Ter-Antonyan, XW Xu, J Gallagher, L Gerhardt, A Goldschmidt, DR Nygren, GT Przybylski, T Stezelberger, RG Stokstad, A Ishihara, M Kim, T Kuwabara, L Lu, K Mase, M Relich, A Stossl, S Yoshida, GS Japaridze, BJP Jones, J Kiryluk, M Lesiak-Bzdak, H Niederhausen, Y Xu, G Kohnen, S Kopper, P Nakarmi, JA Pepper, PA Toale, DR Williams, M Kowalski, N Kurahashi, B Relethford, M Richman, L Wills, J Madsen, S Seunarine, GM Spiczak, R Maruyama, K Rawlins, S Sarkar, M Sutherland, I Taboada, and CF Tung. 2017. “Measurement of the Multi-TeV Neutrino Interaction Cross-Section with IceCube Using Earth Absorption.” NATURE 551 (7682): 596–600. doi:10.1038/nature24459.
Vancouver
1.
Aartsen M, Hill G, Kyriacou A, Robertson S, Wallace A, Whelan B, et al. Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino interaction cross-section with IceCube using Earth absorption. NATURE. 2017;551(7682):596–600.
IEEE
[1]
M. Aartsen et al., “Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino interaction cross-section with IceCube using Earth absorption,” NATURE, vol. 551, no. 7682, pp. 596–600, 2017.
@article{8565176,
  abstract     = {{Neutrinos interact only very weakly, so they are extremely penetrating. The theoretical neutrino-nucleon interaction cross-section, however, increases with increasing neutrino energy, and neutrinos with energies above 40 teraelectronvolts (TeV) are expected to be absorbed as they pass through the Earth. Experimentally, the cross-section has been determined only at the relatively low energies (below 0.4 TeV) that are available at neutrino beams fromaccelerators(1,2). Here we report a measurement of neutrino absorption by the Earth using a sample of 10,784 energetic upward-going neutrino-induced muons. The flux of high-energy neutrinos transiting long paths through the Earth is attenuated compared to a reference sample that follows shorter trajectories. Using a fit to the two-dimensional distribution of muon energy and zenith angle, we determine the neutrino-nucleon interaction cross-section for neutrino energies 6.3-980 TeV, more than an order of magnitude higher than previous measurements. The measured cross-section is about 1.3 times the prediction of the standard model(3), consistent with the expectations for charged-and neutral-current interactions. We do not observe a large increase in the crosssection with neutrino energy, in contrast with the predictions of some theoretical models, including those invoking more compact spatial dimensions(4) or the production of leptoquarks(5). This cross-section measurement can be used to set limits on the existence of some hypothesized beyond-standard-model particles, including leptoquarks.}},
  author       = {{Aartsen, MG and Hill, GC and Kyriacou, A and Robertson, S and Wallace, A and Whelan, BJ and Ackermann, M and Bernardini, E and Blot, S and Bradascio, F and Bretz, H-P and Brostean-Kaiser, J and Franckowiak, A and Jacobi, E and Karg, T and Kintscher, T and Kunwar, S and Nahnhauer, R and Satalecka, K and Spiering, C and Stachurska, J and Stasik, A and Strotjohann, NL and Terliuk, A and Usner, M and van Santen, J and Adams, J and Bagherpour, H and Aguilar, JA and Ansseau, I and Heereman, D and Meagher, K and Meures, T and O'Murchadha, A and Pinat, E and Raab, C and Ahlers, M and Koskinen, DJ and Larson, MJ and Medici, M and Rameez, M and Ahrens, M and Bohm, C and Dumm, JP and Finley, C and Flis, S and Hultqvist, K and Walck, C and Zoll, M and Al Samarai, I and Bron, S and Carver, T and Christov, A and Montaruli, T and Altmann, D and Anton, G and Gluesenkamp, T and Katz, U and Kittler, T and Tselengidou, M and Andeen, K and Plum, M. and Anderson, T and DeLaunay, JJ and Dunkman, M and Eller, P and Huang, F and Keivani, A and Lanfranchi, JL and Pankova, DV and Tesic, G and Turley, CF and Weiss, MJ and Arguelles, C and Axani, S and Collin, GH and Conrad, JM and Moulai, M and Auffenberg, J and Brenzke, M and Glauch, T and Haack, C and Kalaczynski, P and Koschinsky, JP and Leuermann, M and Rdel, L and Reimann, R and Rongen, M and Saelzer, T and Schoenen, S and Schumacher, L and Stettner, J and Vehring, M and Vogel, E and Wallraff, M and Waza, A and Wiebusch, CH and Bai, X and Barron, JP and Giang, W and Grant, D and Kopper, C and Moore, RW and Nowicki, SC and Sanchez Herrera, SE and Sarkar, S and Wandler, FD and Weaver, C and Wood, TR and Woolsey, E and Yanez, JP and Barwick, SW and Yodh, G and Baum, V and Boeser, S and di Lorenzo, V and Eberhardt, B and Ehrhardt, T and Koepke, L and Krueckl, G and Momente, G and Peiffer, P and Sandroos, J and Steuer, A and Wiebe, K and Bay, R and Filimonov, K and Price, PB and Woschnagg, K and Beatty, JJ and Becker Tjus, J and Bos, F and Eichmann, B and Kroll, M and Schoeneberg, S and Tenholt, F and Becker, K-H and Bindig, D and Helbing, K and Hickford, S and Hoffmann, R and Lauber, F and Naumann, U and Obertacke Pollmann, A and Soldin, D and BenZvi, S and Cross, R and Berley, D and Blaufuss, E and Cheung, E and Felde, J and Friedman, E and Hellauer, R and Hoffman, KD and Maunu, R and Olivas, A and Schmidt, T and Song, M and Sullivan, GW and Besson, DZ and Binder, G and Klein, SR and Miarecki, S and Palczewski, T and Tatar, J and Boerner, M and Fuchs, T and Huennefeld, M and Meier, M and Menne, T and Pieloth, D and Rhode, W and Ruhe, T and Sandrock, A and Schlunder, P and Soedingrekso, J and Werthebach, J and Bose, D and Dujmovic, H and In, S and Jeong, M and Kang, W and Kim, J and Rott, C and Botner, O and Burgman, A and Hallgren, A and Perez de los Heros, C and Unger, E and Bourbeau, J and Braun, J and Casey, J and Chirkin, D and Day, M and Desiati, P and Diaz-Velez, JC and Fahey, S and Ghorbani, K and Griffith, Z and Halzen, F and Hanson, K and Hokanson-Fasig, B and Hoshina, K and Jero, K and Karle, A and Kauer, M and Kelley, JL and Kheirandish, A and Liu, QR and Luszczak, W and Mancina, S and McNally, F and Merino, G and Schneider, A and Tobin, MN and Tosi, D and Ty, B and Vandenbroucke, J and Wandkowsky, N and Wendt, C and Westerhoff, S and Wille, L and Wolf, M and Wood, J and Xu, DL and Yuan, T and Brayeur, L and Casier, M and De Clercq, C and de Vries, KD and de Wasseige, G and Kunnen, J and Lunemann, J and Maggi, G and Toscano, S and van Eijndhoven, N and Clark, K and Classen, L and Kappes, A and Coenders, S and Huber, M and Krings, K and Rea, IC and Resconi, E and Turcati, A and Cowen, DF and de Andre, JPAM and DeYoung, T and Hignight, J and Lennarz, D and Mahn, KBM and Micallef, J and Neer, G and Rysewyk, D and Dembinski, H and Evenson, PA and Gaisser, TK and Gonzalez, JG and Koirala, R and Pandya, H and Seckel, D and Stanev, T and Tilav, S and De Ridder, Sam and Labare, Mathieu and Ryckbosch, Dirk and Van Driessche, Ward and Vanheule, Sander and Vraeghe, Matthias and de With, M and Hebecker, D and Kolanoski, H and Fazely, AR and Ter-Antonyan, S and Xu, XW and Gallagher, J and Gerhardt, L and Goldschmidt, A and Nygren, DR and Przybylski, GT and Stezelberger, T and Stokstad, RG and Ishihara, A and Kim, M and Kuwabara, T and Lu, L and Mase, K and Relich, M and Stossl, A and Yoshida, S and Japaridze, GS and Jones, BJP and Kiryluk, J and Lesiak-Bzdak, M and Niederhausen, H and Xu, Y and Kohnen, G and Kopper, S and Nakarmi, P and Pepper, JA and Toale, PA and Williams, DR and Kowalski, M and Kurahashi, N and Relethford, B and Richman, M and Wills, L and Madsen, J and Seunarine, S and Spiczak, GM and Maruyama, R and Rawlins, K and Sarkar, S and Sutherland, M and Taboada, I and Tung, CF}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{NATURE}},
  keywords     = {{DENSITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7682}},
  pages        = {{596--600}},
  title        = {{Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino interaction cross-section with IceCube using Earth absorption}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/nature24459}},
  volume       = {{551}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}
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