Target of rapamycin signaling orchestrates growth-defense trade-offs in plants
- Author
- David De Vleesschauwer (UGent) , Osvaldo Filipe, Gena Hoffman, Hamed Seifi (UGent) , Ashley Haeck, Patrick Canlas, Jonas Van Bockhaven (UGent) , Evelien De Waele, Kristof Demeestere (UGent) , Pamela Ronald and Monica Höfte (UGent)
- Organization
- Abstract
- Plant defense to microbial pathogens is often accompanied by significant growth inhibition. How plants merge immune system function with normal growth and development is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of target of rapamycin (TOR), an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine kinase, in the plant defense response. We used rice as a model system and applied a combination of chemical, genetic, genomic and cell-based analyses. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of TOR and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR), a protein previously demonstrated to interact with TOR in Arabidopsis, positively regulates growth and development in rice. Transcriptome analysis of rice cells treated with the TOR-specific inhibitor rapamycin revealed that TOR not only dictates transcriptional reprogramming of extensive gene sets involved in central and secondary metabolism, cell cycle and transcription, but also suppresses many defense-related genes. TOR overexpression lines displayed increased susceptibility to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, whereas plants with reduced TOR signaling displayed enhanced resistance. Finally, we found that TOR antagonizes the action of the classic defense hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Together, these results indicate that TOR acts as a molecular switch for the activation of cell proliferation and plant growth at the expense of cellular immunity.
- Keywords
- growth-defense trade-offs, jasmonic acid, plant defense, rice (Oryza sativa), salicylic acid, target of rapamycin (TOR), ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE, INNATE IMMUNITY, TOR KINASE, CELL-CYCLE, DISEASE RESISTANCE, BALANCING ACT, LIFE-SPAN, RICE, ARABIDOPSIS, GENE
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8556350
- MLA
- De Vleesschauwer, David, et al. “Target of Rapamycin Signaling Orchestrates Growth-Defense Trade-Offs in Plants.” NEW PHYTOLOGIST, vol. 217, no. 1, 2018, pp. 305–19, doi:10.1111/nph.14785.
- APA
- De Vleesschauwer, D., Filipe, O., Hoffman, G., Seifi, H., Haeck, A., Canlas, P., … Höfte, M. (2018). Target of rapamycin signaling orchestrates growth-defense trade-offs in plants. NEW PHYTOLOGIST, 217(1), 305–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14785
- Chicago author-date
- De Vleesschauwer, David, Osvaldo Filipe, Gena Hoffman, Hamed Seifi, Ashley Haeck, Patrick Canlas, Jonas Van Bockhaven, et al. 2018. “Target of Rapamycin Signaling Orchestrates Growth-Defense Trade-Offs in Plants.” NEW PHYTOLOGIST 217 (1): 305–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14785.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- De Vleesschauwer, David, Osvaldo Filipe, Gena Hoffman, Hamed Seifi, Ashley Haeck, Patrick Canlas, Jonas Van Bockhaven, Evelien De Waele, Kristof Demeestere, Pamela Ronald, and Monica Höfte. 2018. “Target of Rapamycin Signaling Orchestrates Growth-Defense Trade-Offs in Plants.” NEW PHYTOLOGIST 217 (1): 305–319. doi:10.1111/nph.14785.
- Vancouver
- 1.De Vleesschauwer D, Filipe O, Hoffman G, Seifi H, Haeck A, Canlas P, et al. Target of rapamycin signaling orchestrates growth-defense trade-offs in plants. NEW PHYTOLOGIST. 2018;217(1):305–19.
- IEEE
- [1]D. De Vleesschauwer et al., “Target of rapamycin signaling orchestrates growth-defense trade-offs in plants,” NEW PHYTOLOGIST, vol. 217, no. 1, pp. 305–319, 2018.
@article{8556350,
abstract = {{Plant defense to microbial pathogens is often accompanied by significant growth inhibition. How plants merge immune system function with normal growth and development is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of target of rapamycin (TOR), an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine kinase, in the plant defense response.
We used rice as a model system and applied a combination of chemical, genetic, genomic and cell-based analyses.
We demonstrate that ectopic expression of TOR and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR), a protein previously demonstrated to interact with TOR in Arabidopsis, positively regulates growth and development in rice. Transcriptome analysis of rice cells treated with the TOR-specific inhibitor rapamycin revealed that TOR not only dictates transcriptional reprogramming of extensive gene sets involved in central and secondary metabolism, cell cycle and transcription, but also suppresses many defense-related genes. TOR overexpression lines displayed increased susceptibility to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, whereas plants with reduced TOR signaling displayed enhanced resistance. Finally, we found that TOR antagonizes the action of the classic defense hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid.
Together, these results indicate that TOR acts as a molecular switch for the activation of cell proliferation and plant growth at the expense of cellular immunity.}},
author = {{De Vleesschauwer, David and Filipe, Osvaldo and Hoffman, Gena and Seifi, Hamed and Haeck, Ashley and Canlas, Patrick and Van Bockhaven, Jonas and De Waele, Evelien and Demeestere, Kristof and Ronald, Pamela and Höfte, Monica}},
issn = {{0028-646X}},
journal = {{NEW PHYTOLOGIST}},
keywords = {{growth-defense trade-offs,jasmonic acid,plant defense,rice (Oryza sativa),salicylic acid,target of rapamycin (TOR),ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE,INNATE IMMUNITY,TOR KINASE,CELL-CYCLE,DISEASE RESISTANCE,BALANCING ACT,LIFE-SPAN,RICE,ARABIDOPSIS,GENE}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{1}},
pages = {{305--319}},
title = {{Target of rapamycin signaling orchestrates growth-defense trade-offs in plants}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14785}},
volume = {{217}},
year = {{2018}},
}
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