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Screening of the Belgian Part of the North Sea towards emerging organic micropollutants : comparison of two SPE-techniques prior to UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS analysis

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Abstract
A large variety of organic chemicals – including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and pesticides – are used in everyday life across the globe. Many of these chemicals are discharged into the sewer system, either in their unchanged form or as metabolites, and will eventually enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Yet, WWTP are not designed and most often not able to completely remove these so-called micropollutants (Vergeynst et al., 2015). As result of WWTP effluent discharge, incorrect usage, improper disposal and industrial processes, these trace organic compounds are emerging in our aquatic environment. As many of the chemicals are known to have biological effects, they are of great environmental concern and their occurrence should be closely monitored. Presently, knowledge about the prevalence and behaviour of these compounds is well documented for wastewater, riverine water, groundwater and drinking water (Stuart et al., 2012; Caldas et al., 2013; Batt et al., 2017). Marine waters, on the contrary, have received much less attention so-far regarding the occurrence, fate and effects of emerging organic micropollutants. Main reasons can be found in, a.o., the analytical challenges with respect to sampling and their prevalence at ultra-trace (≤ppb-levels) concentrations. Suitable sample preparation techniques are thus of paramount importance to be able to deal with these low concentrations prevailing in the marine environment. Next to that, highly sensitive and selective instrumental analytic techniques are needed. In this context, modern high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enables the quantification of known micropollutants at environmental concentrations and the screening for a virtually unlimited number of unknown micropollutants in a single run. Therefore, this study focussed on the comparison of two solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques followed by a newly developed and validated UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS method for targeted screening of the marine environment towards a large set of multi-class pharmaceuticals, personal care products and pesticides. Next, untargeted screening followed by multi-variate analysis was performed as a proof of concept and to enable the discrimination between the two SPE-methods.
Keywords
UHPLC-HRMS, emerging organic micropollutants, Belgian Part of the North Sea

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MLA
Vanryckeghem, Francis, et al. “Screening of the Belgian Part of the North Sea towards Emerging Organic Micropollutants : Comparison of Two SPE-Techniques Prior to UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS Analysis.” COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, vol. 83, no. 1, 2018.
APA
Vanryckeghem, F., Huysman, S., Van Langenhove, H., Vanhaecke, L., & Demeestere, K. (2018). Screening of the Belgian Part of the North Sea towards emerging organic micropollutants : comparison of two SPE-techniques prior to UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS analysis. COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 83(1).
Chicago author-date
Vanryckeghem, Francis, Steve Huysman, Herman Van Langenhove, Lynn Vanhaecke, and Kristof Demeestere. 2018. “Screening of the Belgian Part of the North Sea towards Emerging Organic Micropollutants : Comparison of Two SPE-Techniques Prior to UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS Analysis.” In COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Vol. 83.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Vanryckeghem, Francis, Steve Huysman, Herman Van Langenhove, Lynn Vanhaecke, and Kristof Demeestere. 2018. “Screening of the Belgian Part of the North Sea towards Emerging Organic Micropollutants : Comparison of Two SPE-Techniques Prior to UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS Analysis.” In COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Vol. 83.
Vancouver
1.
Vanryckeghem F, Huysman S, Van Langenhove H, Vanhaecke L, Demeestere K. Screening of the Belgian Part of the North Sea towards emerging organic micropollutants : comparison of two SPE-techniques prior to UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS analysis. In: COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 2018.
IEEE
[1]
F. Vanryckeghem, S. Huysman, H. Van Langenhove, L. Vanhaecke, and K. Demeestere, “Screening of the Belgian Part of the North Sea towards emerging organic micropollutants : comparison of two SPE-techniques prior to UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS analysis,” in COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Brussels, Belgium, 2018, vol. 83, no. 1.
@inproceedings{8548419,
  abstract     = {{A large variety of organic chemicals – including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and pesticides – are used in everyday life across the globe. Many of these chemicals are discharged into the sewer system, either in their unchanged form or as metabolites, and will eventually enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Yet, WWTP are not designed and most often not able to completely remove these so-called micropollutants (Vergeynst et al., 2015). As result of WWTP effluent discharge, incorrect usage, improper disposal and industrial processes, these trace organic compounds are emerging in our aquatic environment. As many of the chemicals are known to have biological effects, they are of great environmental concern and their occurrence should be closely monitored. Presently, knowledge about the prevalence and behaviour of these compounds is well documented for wastewater, riverine water, groundwater and drinking water (Stuart et al., 2012; Caldas et al., 2013; Batt et al., 2017). Marine waters, on the contrary, have received much less attention so-far regarding the occurrence, fate and effects of emerging organic micropollutants. Main reasons can be found in, a.o., the analytical challenges with respect to sampling and their prevalence at ultra-trace (≤ppb-levels) concentrations. Suitable sample preparation techniques are thus of paramount importance to be able to deal with these low concentrations prevailing in the marine environment. Next to that, highly sensitive and selective instrumental analytic techniques are needed. In this context, modern high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enables the quantification of known micropollutants at environmental concentrations and the screening for a virtually unlimited number of unknown micropollutants in a single run. Therefore, this study focussed on the comparison of two solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques followed by a newly developed and validated UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS method for targeted screening of the marine environment towards a large set of multi-class pharmaceuticals, personal care products and pesticides. Next, untargeted screening followed by multi-variate analysis was performed as a proof of concept and to enable the discrimination between the two SPE-methods.}},
  author       = {{Vanryckeghem, Francis and Huysman, Steve and Van Langenhove, Herman and Vanhaecke, Lynn and Demeestere, Kristof}},
  booktitle    = {{COMMUNICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES}},
  issn         = {{1379-1176}},
  keywords     = {{UHPLC-HRMS,emerging organic micropollutants,Belgian Part of the North Sea}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{Brussels, Belgium}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{5}},
  title        = {{Screening of the Belgian Part of the North Sea towards emerging organic micropollutants : comparison of two SPE-techniques prior to UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS analysis}},
  volume       = {{83}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}