The plastid genome in Cladophorales green algae is encoded by hairpin chromosomes
- Author
- Andrea Del Cortona, Frédérik Leliaert (UGent) , Kenny Bogaert (UGent) , Monique Turmel, Christian Boedeker, Jan Janouškovec, Juan M Lopez-Bautista, Heroen Verbruggen, Klaas Vandepoele (UGent) and Olivier De Clerck (UGent)
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- Project
- Abstract
- Virtually all plastid (chloroplast) genomes are circular double-stranded DNA molecules, typically between 100 and 200 kb in size and encoding circa 80-250 genes. Exceptions to this universal plastid genome architecture are very few and include the dinoflagellates, where genes are located on DNA minicircles. Here we report on the highly deviant chloroplast genome of Cladophorales green algae, which is entirely fragmented into hairpin chromosomes. Short-and long-read high-throughput sequencing of DNA and RNA demonstrated that the chloroplast genes of Boodlea composita are encoded on 1-to 7-kb DNA contigs with an exceptionally high GC content, each containing a long inverted repeat with one or two protein-coding genes and conserved non-coding regions putatively involved in replication and/or expression. We propose that these contigs correspond to linear single-stranded DNA molecules that fold onto themselves to form hairpin chromosomes. The Boodlea chloroplast genes are highly divergent from their corresponding orthologs, and display an alternative genetic code. The origin of this highly deviant chloroplast genome most likely occurred before the emergence of the Cladophorales, and coincided with an elevated transfer of chloroplast genes to the nucleus. A chloroplast genome that is composed only of linear DNA molecules is unprecedented among eukaryotes, and highlights unexpected variation in plastid genome architecture.
- Keywords
- PLASMID-LIKE DNA, DINOFLAGELLATE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES, CHLOROPLAST GENOME, PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES, GENETIC-CODE, MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY, CHLOROPHYTA, SEQUENCES, ORIGIN, MINICIRCLES
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8545406
- MLA
- Del Cortona, Andrea, et al. “The Plastid Genome in Cladophorales Green Algae Is Encoded by Hairpin Chromosomes.” CURRENT BIOLOGY, vol. 27, no. 24, 2017, pp. 3771–82, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.004.
- APA
- Del Cortona, A., Leliaert, F., Bogaert, K., Turmel, M., Boedeker, C., Janouškovec, J., … De Clerck, O. (2017). The plastid genome in Cladophorales green algae is encoded by hairpin chromosomes. CURRENT BIOLOGY, 27(24), 3771–3782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.004
- Chicago author-date
- Del Cortona, Andrea, Frédérik Leliaert, Kenny Bogaert, Monique Turmel, Christian Boedeker, Jan Janouškovec, Juan M Lopez-Bautista, Heroen Verbruggen, Klaas Vandepoele, and Olivier De Clerck. 2017. “The Plastid Genome in Cladophorales Green Algae Is Encoded by Hairpin Chromosomes.” CURRENT BIOLOGY 27 (24): 3771–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.004.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Del Cortona, Andrea, Frédérik Leliaert, Kenny Bogaert, Monique Turmel, Christian Boedeker, Jan Janouškovec, Juan M Lopez-Bautista, Heroen Verbruggen, Klaas Vandepoele, and Olivier De Clerck. 2017. “The Plastid Genome in Cladophorales Green Algae Is Encoded by Hairpin Chromosomes.” CURRENT BIOLOGY 27 (24): 3771–3782. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.004.
- Vancouver
- 1.Del Cortona A, Leliaert F, Bogaert K, Turmel M, Boedeker C, Janouškovec J, et al. The plastid genome in Cladophorales green algae is encoded by hairpin chromosomes. CURRENT BIOLOGY. 2017;27(24):3771–82.
- IEEE
- [1]A. Del Cortona et al., “The plastid genome in Cladophorales green algae is encoded by hairpin chromosomes,” CURRENT BIOLOGY, vol. 27, no. 24, pp. 3771–3782, 2017.
@article{8545406,
abstract = {{Virtually all plastid (chloroplast) genomes are circular double-stranded DNA molecules, typically between 100 and 200 kb in size and encoding circa 80-250 genes. Exceptions to this universal plastid genome architecture are very few and include the dinoflagellates, where genes are located on DNA minicircles. Here we report on the highly deviant chloroplast genome of Cladophorales green algae, which is entirely fragmented into hairpin chromosomes. Short-and long-read high-throughput sequencing of DNA and RNA demonstrated that the chloroplast genes of Boodlea composita are encoded on 1-to 7-kb DNA contigs with an exceptionally high GC content, each containing a long inverted repeat with one or two protein-coding genes and conserved non-coding regions putatively involved in replication and/or expression. We propose that these contigs correspond to linear single-stranded DNA molecules that fold onto themselves to form hairpin chromosomes. The Boodlea chloroplast genes are highly divergent from their corresponding orthologs, and display an alternative genetic code. The origin of this highly deviant chloroplast genome most likely occurred before the emergence of the Cladophorales, and coincided with an elevated transfer of chloroplast genes to the nucleus. A chloroplast genome that is composed only of linear DNA molecules is unprecedented among eukaryotes, and highlights unexpected variation in plastid genome architecture.}},
author = {{Del Cortona, Andrea and Leliaert, Frédérik and Bogaert, Kenny and Turmel, Monique and Boedeker, Christian and Janouškovec, Jan and Lopez-Bautista, Juan M and Verbruggen, Heroen and Vandepoele, Klaas and De Clerck, Olivier}},
issn = {{0960-9822}},
journal = {{CURRENT BIOLOGY}},
keywords = {{PLASMID-LIKE DNA,DINOFLAGELLATE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES,CHLOROPLAST GENOME,PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES,GENETIC-CODE,MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY,CHLOROPHYTA,SEQUENCES,ORIGIN,MINICIRCLES}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{24}},
pages = {{3771--3782}},
title = {{The plastid genome in Cladophorales green algae is encoded by hairpin chromosomes}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.004}},
volume = {{27}},
year = {{2017}},
}
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