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Clinical classification criteria for nonspecific low back pain : a Delphi-survey of clinical experts

Vincent Dewitte (UGent) , Robby De Pauw (UGent) , Kayleigh De Meulemeester (UGent) , Wim Peersman (UGent) , Lieven Danneels (UGent) , Katie Bouche (UGent) , Arne Roets (UGent) and Barbara Cagnie (UGent)
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Abstract
Background: Nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) is a common problem. Attempts have been made to classify NSLBP patients into homogenous subgroups. Classification systems based on identifying the underlying mechanism( s) driving the disorder are clinically useful to guide specific interventions. Objective: To establish consensus among experts regarding clinical criteria suggestive of a dominance of 'articular', 'myofascial', 'neural', 'central', and 'sensorimotor control' dysfunction patterns (DPs) in NSLBP patients. Study design: A 2-phase sequential design of a focus group and Delphi-study. Methods: A focus group with 10 academic experts was organized to elaborate on the different DPs discernible in LBP patients. Consecutively, a 3-round online Delphi-survey was designed to obtain consensual symptoms and physical examination findings for the 5 DPs resulting from the focus group. Results: Fifteen musculoskeletal physical therapists from Belgium and the Netherlands experienced in assessing and treating LBP patients completed the Delphi-survey. Respectively, 34 (response rate, 100.0%), 20 (58.8%) and 15 (44.12%) respondents replied to rounds 1, 2 and 3. Twenty-two 'articular', 20 'myofascial', 21 'neural', 18 'central' and 11 'sensorimotor control' criteria reached a predefined >= 80% consensus level. For example, after round 2, 85.0% of the Delphi-experts agreed to identify 'referred pain below the knee' as a subjective examination criterion suggestive for a predominant 'neural DP'. Conclusion: These indicators suggestive of a clinical dominance of the proposed DPs could help clinicians to assess and diagnose NSLBP patients. Future reliability and validity testing is needed to determine how these criteria may help to improve physical therapy outcome for NSLBP patients.
Keywords
Consensus, Low back pain, Clinical reasoning, Clinical patterns, MECHANISMS-BASED CLASSIFICATIONS, INJECTION ARTHROGRAPHY TECHNIQUE, CENTRAL SENSITIZATION PAIN, MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS, NEUROPATHIC PAIN, MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN, SUBGROUPING PATIENTS, PRIMARY-CARE, 3 SYMPTOMS, NECK PAIN

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MLA
Dewitte, Vincent, et al. “Clinical Classification Criteria for Nonspecific Low Back Pain : A Delphi-Survey of Clinical Experts.” MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, vol. 34, 2018, pp. 66–76, doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2018.01.002.
APA
Dewitte, V., De Pauw, R., De Meulemeester, K., Peersman, W., Danneels, L., Bouche, K., … Cagnie, B. (2018). Clinical classification criteria for nonspecific low back pain : a Delphi-survey of clinical experts. MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, 34, 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2018.01.002
Chicago author-date
Dewitte, Vincent, Robby De Pauw, Kayleigh De Meulemeester, Wim Peersman, Lieven Danneels, Katie Bouche, Arne Roets, and Barbara Cagnie. 2018. “Clinical Classification Criteria for Nonspecific Low Back Pain : A Delphi-Survey of Clinical Experts.” MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 34: 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2018.01.002.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Dewitte, Vincent, Robby De Pauw, Kayleigh De Meulemeester, Wim Peersman, Lieven Danneels, Katie Bouche, Arne Roets, and Barbara Cagnie. 2018. “Clinical Classification Criteria for Nonspecific Low Back Pain : A Delphi-Survey of Clinical Experts.” MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 34: 66–76. doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2018.01.002.
Vancouver
1.
Dewitte V, De Pauw R, De Meulemeester K, Peersman W, Danneels L, Bouche K, et al. Clinical classification criteria for nonspecific low back pain : a Delphi-survey of clinical experts. MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 2018;34:66–76.
IEEE
[1]
V. Dewitte et al., “Clinical classification criteria for nonspecific low back pain : a Delphi-survey of clinical experts,” MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, vol. 34, pp. 66–76, 2018.
@article{8544564,
  abstract     = {{Background: Nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) is a common problem. Attempts have been made to classify NSLBP patients into homogenous subgroups. Classification systems based on identifying the underlying mechanism( s) driving the disorder are clinically useful to guide specific interventions. 
Objective: To establish consensus among experts regarding clinical criteria suggestive of a dominance of 'articular', 'myofascial', 'neural', 'central', and 'sensorimotor control' dysfunction patterns (DPs) in NSLBP patients. Study design: A 2-phase sequential design of a focus group and Delphi-study. 
Methods: A focus group with 10 academic experts was organized to elaborate on the different DPs discernible in LBP patients. Consecutively, a 3-round online Delphi-survey was designed to obtain consensual symptoms and physical examination findings for the 5 DPs resulting from the focus group. 
Results: Fifteen musculoskeletal physical therapists from Belgium and the Netherlands experienced in assessing and treating LBP patients completed the Delphi-survey. Respectively, 34 (response rate, 100.0%), 20 (58.8%) and 15 (44.12%) respondents replied to rounds 1, 2 and 3. Twenty-two 'articular', 20 'myofascial', 21 'neural', 18 'central' and 11 'sensorimotor control' criteria reached a predefined >= 80% consensus level. For example, after round 2, 85.0% of the Delphi-experts agreed to identify 'referred pain below the knee' as a subjective examination criterion suggestive for a predominant 'neural DP'. 
Conclusion: These indicators suggestive of a clinical dominance of the proposed DPs could help clinicians to assess and diagnose NSLBP patients. Future reliability and validity testing is needed to determine how these criteria may help to improve physical therapy outcome for NSLBP patients.}},
  author       = {{Dewitte, Vincent and De Pauw, Robby and De Meulemeester, Kayleigh and Peersman, Wim and Danneels, Lieven and Bouche, Katie and Roets, Arne and Cagnie, Barbara}},
  issn         = {{2468-7812}},
  journal      = {{MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE}},
  keywords     = {{Consensus,Low back pain,Clinical reasoning,Clinical patterns,MECHANISMS-BASED CLASSIFICATIONS,INJECTION ARTHROGRAPHY TECHNIQUE,CENTRAL SENSITIZATION PAIN,MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS,NEUROPATHIC PAIN,MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN,SUBGROUPING PATIENTS,PRIMARY-CARE,3 SYMPTOMS,NECK PAIN}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{66--76}},
  title        = {{Clinical classification criteria for nonspecific low back pain : a Delphi-survey of clinical experts}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2018.01.002}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

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