@article{8541454,
  abstract     = {{Background: We investigated whether human environmental exposure to chemicals that are labeled as (potential) carcinogens leads to increased (oxidative) damage to DNA in adolescents.

Material and methods: Six hundred 14-15-year-old youngsters were recruited all over Flanders (Belgium) and in two areas with important industrial activities. DNA damage was assessed by alkaline and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) modified comet assays in peripheral blood cells and analysis of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Personal exposure to potentially carcinogenic compounds was measured in urine, namely: chromium, cadmium, nickel, 1-hydroxypyrene as a proxy for exposure to other carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), t,t-muconic acid as a metabolite of benzene, 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), organophosphate pesticide metabolites, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites. In blood, arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners 118 and 156, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were analyzed. Levels of methylmercury (MeHg) were measured in hair. Multiple linear regression models were used to establish exposure-response relationships.

Results: Biomarkers of exposure to PAHs and urinary chromium were associated with higher levels of both 8-OHdG in urine and DNA damage detected by the alkaline comet assay. Concentrations of 8-OHdG in urine increased in relation with increasing concentrations of urinary t,t-muconic acid, cadmium, nickel, 2,5-DCP, and DEHP metabolites. Increased concentrations of PFOA in blood were associated with higher levels of DNA damage measured by the alkaline comet assay, whereas DDT was associated in the same direction with the Fpg-modified comet assay. Inverse associations were observed between blood arsenic, hair MeHg, PCB 156 and HCB, and urinary 8-OHdG. The latter exposure biomarkers were also associated with higher fish intake. Urinary nickel and t,t-muconic acid were inversely associated with the alkaline comet assay.

Conclusion: This cross-sectional study found associations between current environmental exposure to (potential) human carcinogens in 14-15-year-old Flemish adolescents and short-term (oxidative) damage to DNA. Prospective follow-up will be required to investigate whether long-term effects may occur due to complex environmental exposures.}},
  author       = {{Franken, Carmen and Koppen, Gudrun and Lambrechts, Nathalie and Govarts, Eva and Bruckers, Liesbeth and Den Hond, Elly and Loots, Ilse and Nelen, Vera and Sioen, Isabelle and Nawrot, Tim S. and Baeyens, Willy and Van Larebeke, Nicolas and Boonen, Francis and Ooms, Daniëlla and Wevers, Mai and Jacobs, Griet and Covaci, Adrian and Schettgen, Thomas and Schoeters, Greet}},
  issn         = {{0013-9351}},
  journal      = {{ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH}},
  keywords     = {{Human biomonitoring,Environmental exposure,DNA damage,Carcinogen,Comet assay,8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG),COKE-OVEN WORKERS,POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS,HUMAN BIOMONITORING PROGRAM,FLEMISH ADOLESCENTS,GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY,AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS,OXIDATIVE STRESS,COMET ASSAY,HUMAN SERUM,PHTHALATE METABOLITES}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{165--174}},
  title        = {{Environmental exposure to human carcinogens in teenagers and the association with DNA damage}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.012}},
  volume       = {{152}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

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