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Suboptimal decision making by children with ADHD in the face of risk : poor risk adjustment and delay aversion rather than general proneness to taking risks

(2017) NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. 31(2). p.119-128
Author
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Abstract
Objective: Suboptimal decision making in the face of risk (DMR) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be mediated by deficits in a number of different neuropsychological processes. We investigated DMR in children with ADHD using the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) to distinguish difficulties in adjusting to changing probabilities of choice outcomes (so-called risk adjustment) from general risk proneness, and to distinguish these 2 processes from delay aversion (the tendency to choose the least delayed option) and impairments in the ability to reflect on choice options. Based on previous research, we predicted that suboptimal performance on this task in children with ADHD would be primarily relate to problems with risk adjustment and delay aversion rather than general risk proneness. Method: Drug naive children with ADHD (n = 36), 8 to 12 years, and an age-matched group of typically developing children (n = 34) performed the CGT. Results: As predicted, children with ADHD were not more prone to making risky choices (i.e., risk proneness). However, they had difficulty adjusting to changing risk levels and were more delay aversive-with these 2 effects being correlated. Conclusions: Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that children with ADHD do not favor risk taking per se when performing gambling tasks, but rather may lack the cognitive skills or motivational style to appraise changing patterns of risk effectively.
Keywords
ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY, DISORDER, IOWA GAMBLING TASK, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS, PREFRONTAL CORTEX, RESPONSE-INHIBITION, NORMAL VOLUNTEERS, K-SADS, ADOLESCENTS, AGE, ADHD, gambling task, delay aversion, risk taking, Cambridge Gambling, Task

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Citation

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MLA
Sorensen, Lin, et al. “Suboptimal Decision Making by Children with ADHD in the Face of Risk : Poor Risk Adjustment and Delay Aversion Rather than General Proneness to Taking Risks.” NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, vol. 31, no. 2, Amer Psychological Assoc, 2017, pp. 119–28, doi:10.1037/neu0000297.
APA
Sorensen, L., Barke, E., Eichele, H., van Wageningen, H., Wollschlaeger, D., & Plessen, K. J. (2017). Suboptimal decision making by children with ADHD in the face of risk : poor risk adjustment and delay aversion rather than general proneness to taking risks. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 31(2), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000297
Chicago author-date
Sorensen, Lin, Edmund Barke, Heike Eichele, Heidi van Wageningen, Daniel Wollschlaeger, and Kerstin Jessica Plessen. 2017. “Suboptimal Decision Making by Children with ADHD in the Face of Risk : Poor Risk Adjustment and Delay Aversion Rather than General Proneness to Taking Risks.” NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 31 (2): 119–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000297.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Sorensen, Lin, Edmund Barke, Heike Eichele, Heidi van Wageningen, Daniel Wollschlaeger, and Kerstin Jessica Plessen. 2017. “Suboptimal Decision Making by Children with ADHD in the Face of Risk : Poor Risk Adjustment and Delay Aversion Rather than General Proneness to Taking Risks.” NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 31 (2): 119–128. doi:10.1037/neu0000297.
Vancouver
1.
Sorensen L, Barke E, Eichele H, van Wageningen H, Wollschlaeger D, Plessen KJ. Suboptimal decision making by children with ADHD in the face of risk : poor risk adjustment and delay aversion rather than general proneness to taking risks. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. 2017;31(2):119–28.
IEEE
[1]
L. Sorensen, E. Barke, H. Eichele, H. van Wageningen, D. Wollschlaeger, and K. J. Plessen, “Suboptimal decision making by children with ADHD in the face of risk : poor risk adjustment and delay aversion rather than general proneness to taking risks,” NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 119–128, 2017.
@article{8534090,
  abstract     = {{Objective: Suboptimal decision making in the face of risk (DMR) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be mediated by deficits in a number of different neuropsychological processes. We investigated DMR in children with ADHD using the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) to distinguish difficulties in adjusting to changing probabilities of choice outcomes (so-called risk adjustment) from general risk proneness, and to distinguish these 2 processes from delay aversion (the tendency to choose the least delayed option) and impairments in the ability to reflect on choice options. Based on previous research, we predicted that suboptimal performance on this task in children with ADHD would be primarily relate to problems with risk adjustment and delay aversion rather than general risk proneness. Method: Drug naive children with ADHD (n = 36), 8 to 12 years, and an age-matched group of typically developing children (n = 34) performed the CGT. Results: As predicted, children with ADHD were not more prone to making risky choices (i.e., risk proneness). However, they had difficulty adjusting to changing risk levels and were more delay aversive-with these 2 effects being correlated. Conclusions: Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that children with ADHD do not favor risk taking per se when performing gambling tasks, but rather may lack the cognitive skills or motivational style to appraise changing patterns of risk effectively.}},
  author       = {{Sorensen, Lin and Barke, Edmund and Eichele, Heike and van Wageningen, Heidi and Wollschlaeger, Daniel and Plessen, Kerstin Jessica}},
  issn         = {{0894-4105}},
  journal      = {{NEUROPSYCHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER,DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY,DISORDER,IOWA GAMBLING TASK,EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS,PREFRONTAL CORTEX,RESPONSE-INHIBITION,NORMAL VOLUNTEERS,K-SADS,ADOLESCENTS,AGE,ADHD,gambling task,delay aversion,risk taking,Cambridge Gambling,Task}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{119--128}},
  publisher    = {{Amer Psychological Assoc}},
  title        = {{Suboptimal decision making by children with ADHD in the face of risk : poor risk adjustment and delay aversion rather than general proneness to taking risks}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000297}},
  volume       = {{31}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

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