FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science VR 1.0 PT J AU Cagney, S Harte, C Barnes-Holmes, D Barnes-Holmes, Y McEnteggart, C AF Cagney, Susan Harte, Colin Barnes-Holmes, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne McEnteggart, Ciara TI Response Biases on the IRAP for Adults and Adolescents with Respect to Smokers and Nonsmokers: The Impact of Parental Smoking Status SO PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE IRAP; Smokers attitudes; Parental influence ID IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST; STIGMATIZATION; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; SELF AB The current research aimed to examine the implicit biases of smokers and nonsmokers to others who did or did not smoke. Study 1 presented adult smokers and nonsmokers with an Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) that assessed bias toward or against smokers and nonsmokers. Study 2 replicated this with adolescent smokers and nonsmokers. Both studies also presented self-report measures. Both adult and adolescent smokers produced IRAP effects that indicated prosmoker biases; nonsmokers' biases were relatively neutral. Trends in the data from Studies 1 and 2 led to a post hoc analysis of the nonsmoker data to investigate the potential impact of parental smoking status on nonsmokers' biases. Both the IRAP and self-report measures data suggested that parental smoking status increased positivity in attitudes toward smokers among nonsmokers. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that the IRAP data in Study 1, but not Study 2, predicted smoking status above and beyond the self-report measures. The post hoc analyses showed a similar trend. The consistency of the findings with the only existing IRAP study of attitudes toward smokers, as well as with the broader literature, supports the view that response biases toward smokers may not change fundamentally from adolescence to adulthood, and that parental smoking status may having a moderating influence on these biases. C1 [Cagney, Susan] Natl Univ Ireland Maynooth, Dept Psychol, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Harte, Colin; Barnes-Holmes, Dermot; Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne; McEnteggart, Ciara] Univ Ghent, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Harte, C (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Colin.Harte@UGent.be FU Flanders Science Foundation (FWO) FX This article was prepared with the support of an Odysseus Group 1 grant awarded to the third author by the Flanders Science Foundation (FWO). CR Alves J, 2017, J PUBLIC HEALTH-UK, V39, P339, DOI 10.1093/pubmed/fdw040 Andrews JA, 1997, J FAM PSYCHOL, V11, P259, DOI 10.1037//0893-3200.11.3.259 Andrews JA, 2010, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V40, P2387 Barnes-Holmes D, 2008, PSYCHOL REC, V58, P497 Barnes-Holmes D, 2010, PSYCHOL REC, V60, P527 Barnes-Holmes D., 2006, IRISH PSYCHOL, V32, P169 Chapman S, 2008, TOB CONTROL, V17, P25, DOI 10.1136/tc.2007.021386 Dal Cin S, 2007, PSYCHOL SCI, V18, P559, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01939.x De Houwer J, 2006, COGNITION EMOTION, V20, P1274, DOI 10.1080/02699930500484506 de Jong PJ, 2002, BEHAV RES THER, V40, P501, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00022-5 Distefan JM, 1998, J ADOLESCENT HEALTH, V22, P466, DOI 10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00013-5 Farrimond HR, 2006, J COMMUNITY APPL SOC, V16, P481, DOI 10.1002/casp.896 GOLDSTEIN J, 1991, J DRUG EDUC, V21, P167, DOI 10.2190/Y71P-KXVJ-LR9H-H1MG Greenwald AG, 1998, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V74, P1464, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 Greenwald AG, 2003, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V85, P197, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197 Hayes S. C., 2001, RELATIONAL FRAME THE MURRAY M, 1985, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V39, P169, DOI 10.1136/jech.39.2.169 Shafey O, 2003, TOBACCO CONTROL COUN Swanson JE, 2001, COGNITION EMOTION, V15, P207, DOI 10.1080/0269993004200060 Tickle JJ, 2006, BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH, V28, P117, DOI 10.1207/s15324834basp2802_2 Vahey N., 2010, INT J PSYCHOL PSYCHO, V10, P453 Vahey NA, 2015, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V48, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.01.004 Wang C, 2016, PSYCHOL ADDICT BEHAV, V30, P312, DOI 10.1037/adb0000163 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0033-2933 EI 2163-3452 J9 PSYCHOL REC JI Psychol. Rec. PD DEC PY 2017 VL 67 IS 4 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s40732-017-0249-9 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA FL7RZ UT WOS:000414448800004 OA No DA 2017-12-06 ER EF