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Small-strain shear modulus of calcareous sand and its dependence on particle characteristics and gradation

Huu Ha Giang Pham (UGent) , Peter Van Impe, William Van Impe (UGent) , Patrick Mengé and Wim Haegeman (UGent)
(2017) SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING. 100. p.371-379
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Abstract
The soil small-strain shear modulus, G(0), is necessary for static and dynamic soil analyses and is often correlated to other soil properties such as density and void ratio, on their turn depending on gradation. The paper first presents a concise literature review of parameters influencing G(0) in detail. Secondly, a particle shape analysis is performed. Silica sand is found much more spherical than calcareous sand, and calcareous sand becomes more spherical after crushing. Bender element test results indicate that not only uniformity coefficient (Cu) but also particle characteristics including particle shape and stiffness are very important to G(0). G(0) of calcareous sand is found higher than that of silica sand. Indeed, with less sphericity and more angularity, the variety of particle shape in calcareous sand produces a better fabric for shear wave propagation. For calcareous sand, the test results show that particle shape is the main factor affecting Go. Less dynamic stiffness is found for particles owning more sphericity and less angularity. The increase of Cu or finer particles (at low Cu) causes a decrease in G(0). Finally, predictions of G(0) for the tested calcareous sands using empirical equations from previous studies give very high relative errors (16.7-30%).
Keywords
Bender element, Shear modulus, Calcareous sand, Particle shape, Gradation, BENDER ELEMENT TESTS, RESONANT-COLUMN, STIFFNESS, SHAPE, PERFORMANCE, RATIO, DRY

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MLA
Pham, Huu Ha Giang, et al. “Small-Strain Shear Modulus of Calcareous Sand and Its Dependence on Particle Characteristics and Gradation.” SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, vol. 100, 2017, pp. 371–79, doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.06.016.
APA
Pham, H. H. G., Van Impe, P., Van Impe, W., Mengé, P., & Haegeman, W. (2017). Small-strain shear modulus of calcareous sand and its dependence on particle characteristics and gradation. SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, 100, 371–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.06.016
Chicago author-date
Pham, Huu Ha Giang, Peter Van Impe, William Van Impe, Patrick Mengé, and Wim Haegeman. 2017. “Small-Strain Shear Modulus of Calcareous Sand and Its Dependence on Particle Characteristics and Gradation.” SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 100: 371–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.06.016.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Pham, Huu Ha Giang, Peter Van Impe, William Van Impe, Patrick Mengé, and Wim Haegeman. 2017. “Small-Strain Shear Modulus of Calcareous Sand and Its Dependence on Particle Characteristics and Gradation.” SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 100: 371–379. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.06.016.
Vancouver
1.
Pham HHG, Van Impe P, Van Impe W, Mengé P, Haegeman W. Small-strain shear modulus of calcareous sand and its dependence on particle characteristics and gradation. SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING. 2017;100:371–9.
IEEE
[1]
H. H. G. Pham, P. Van Impe, W. Van Impe, P. Mengé, and W. Haegeman, “Small-strain shear modulus of calcareous sand and its dependence on particle characteristics and gradation,” SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, vol. 100, pp. 371–379, 2017.
@article{8526564,
  abstract     = {{The soil small-strain shear modulus, G(0), is necessary for static and dynamic soil analyses and is often correlated to other soil properties such as density and void ratio, on their turn depending on gradation. The paper first presents a concise literature review of parameters influencing G(0) in detail. Secondly, a particle shape analysis is performed. Silica sand is found much more spherical than calcareous sand, and calcareous sand becomes more spherical after crushing. Bender element test results indicate that not only uniformity coefficient (Cu) but also particle characteristics including particle shape and stiffness are very important to G(0). G(0) of calcareous sand is found higher than that of silica sand. Indeed, with less sphericity and more angularity, the variety of particle shape in calcareous sand produces a better fabric for shear wave propagation. For calcareous sand, the test results show that particle shape is the main factor affecting Go. Less dynamic stiffness is found for particles owning more sphericity and less angularity. The increase of Cu or finer particles (at low Cu) causes a decrease in G(0). Finally, predictions of G(0) for the tested calcareous sands using empirical equations from previous studies give very high relative errors (16.7-30%).}},
  author       = {{Pham, Huu Ha Giang and Van Impe, Peter and Van Impe, William and Mengé, Patrick and Haegeman, Wim}},
  issn         = {{0267-7261}},
  journal      = {{SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING}},
  keywords     = {{Bender element,Shear modulus,Calcareous sand,Particle shape,Gradation,BENDER ELEMENT TESTS,RESONANT-COLUMN,STIFFNESS,SHAPE,PERFORMANCE,RATIO,DRY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{371--379}},
  title        = {{Small-strain shear modulus of calcareous sand and its dependence on particle characteristics and gradation}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.06.016}},
  volume       = {{100}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}
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