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Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON), assessed via a Lemna minor L. bioassay, through biotransformation to 3-epi-DON and 3-epi-DOM-1

Ilse Vanhoutte (UGent) , Laura De Mets, Marthe De Boevre (UGent) , Valdet Uka, José Diana Di Mavungu (UGent) , Sarah De Saeger (UGent) , Leen De Gelder (UGent) and Kris Audenaert (UGent)
(2017) TOXINS. 9(2).
Author
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi. To mitigate mycotoxins in food or feed, biotransformation is an emerging technology in which microorganisms degrade toxins into non-toxic metabolites. To monitor deoxynivalenol (DON) biotransformation, analytical tools such as ELISA and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are typically used. However, these techniques do not give a decisive answer about the remaining toxicity of possible biotransformation products. Hence, a bioassay using Lemna minor L. was developed. A dose-response analysis revealed significant inhibition in the growth of L. minor exposed to DON concentrations of 0.25 mg/L and higher. Concentrations above 1 mg/L were lethal for the plant. This bioassay is far more sensitive than previously described systems. The bioassay was implemented to screen microbial enrichment cultures, originating from rumen fluid, soil, digestate and activated sludge, on their biotransformation and detoxification capability of DON. The enrichment cultures originating from soil and activated sludge were capable of detoxifying and degrading 5 and 50 mg/L DON. In addition, the metabolites 3-epi-DON and the epimer of de-epoxy-DON (3-epi-DOM-1) were found as biotransformation products of both consortia. Our work provides a new valuable tool to screen microbial cultures for their detoxification capacity.
Keywords
deoxynivalenol (DON), Lemna minor, bioassay, biotransformation, detoxification, 3-epi-DON, 3-epi-de-epoxy-DON (3-epi-DOM-1), TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, CELL-CULTURE, FUSARIUM, TOXICITY, CYTOTOXICITY, TRANSFORMATION, PHYTOTOXICITY, DEGRADATION, ZEARALENONE

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MLA
Vanhoutte, Ilse, et al. “Microbial Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol (DON), Assessed via a Lemna Minor L. Bioassay, through Biotransformation to 3-Epi-DON and 3-Epi-DOM-1.” TOXINS, vol. 9, no. 2, 2017, doi:10.3390/toxins9020063.
APA
Vanhoutte, I., De Mets, L., De Boevre, M., Uka, V., Diana Di Mavungu, J., De Saeger, S., … Audenaert, K. (2017). Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON), assessed via a Lemna minor L. bioassay, through biotransformation to 3-epi-DON and 3-epi-DOM-1. TOXINS, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9020063
Chicago author-date
Vanhoutte, Ilse, Laura De Mets, Marthe De Boevre, Valdet Uka, José Diana Di Mavungu, Sarah De Saeger, Leen De Gelder, and Kris Audenaert. 2017. “Microbial Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol (DON), Assessed via a Lemna Minor L. Bioassay, through Biotransformation to 3-Epi-DON and 3-Epi-DOM-1.” TOXINS 9 (2). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9020063.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Vanhoutte, Ilse, Laura De Mets, Marthe De Boevre, Valdet Uka, José Diana Di Mavungu, Sarah De Saeger, Leen De Gelder, and Kris Audenaert. 2017. “Microbial Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol (DON), Assessed via a Lemna Minor L. Bioassay, through Biotransformation to 3-Epi-DON and 3-Epi-DOM-1.” TOXINS 9 (2). doi:10.3390/toxins9020063.
Vancouver
1.
Vanhoutte I, De Mets L, De Boevre M, Uka V, Diana Di Mavungu J, De Saeger S, et al. Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON), assessed via a Lemna minor L. bioassay, through biotransformation to 3-epi-DON and 3-epi-DOM-1. TOXINS. 2017;9(2).
IEEE
[1]
I. Vanhoutte et al., “Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON), assessed via a Lemna minor L. bioassay, through biotransformation to 3-epi-DON and 3-epi-DOM-1,” TOXINS, vol. 9, no. 2, 2017.
@article{8512245,
  abstract     = {{Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi. To mitigate mycotoxins in food or feed, biotransformation is an emerging technology in which microorganisms degrade toxins into non-toxic metabolites. To monitor deoxynivalenol (DON) biotransformation, analytical tools such as ELISA and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are typically used. However, these techniques do not give a decisive answer about the remaining toxicity of possible biotransformation products. Hence, a bioassay using Lemna minor L. was developed. A dose-response analysis revealed significant inhibition in the growth of L. minor exposed to DON concentrations of 0.25 mg/L and higher. Concentrations above 1 mg/L were lethal for the plant. This bioassay is far more sensitive than previously described systems. The bioassay was implemented to screen microbial enrichment cultures, originating from rumen fluid, soil, digestate and activated sludge, on their biotransformation and detoxification capability of DON. The enrichment cultures originating from soil and activated sludge were capable of detoxifying and degrading 5 and 50 mg/L DON. In addition, the metabolites 3-epi-DON and the epimer of de-epoxy-DON (3-epi-DOM-1) were found as biotransformation products of both consortia. Our work provides a new valuable tool to screen microbial cultures for their detoxification capacity.}},
  articleno    = {{63}},
  author       = {{Vanhoutte, Ilse and De Mets, Laura and De Boevre, Marthe and Uka, Valdet and Diana Di Mavungu, José and De Saeger, Sarah and De Gelder, Leen and Audenaert, Kris}},
  issn         = {{2072-6651}},
  journal      = {{TOXINS}},
  keywords     = {{deoxynivalenol (DON),Lemna minor,bioassay,biotransformation,detoxification,3-epi-DON,3-epi-de-epoxy-DON (3-epi-DOM-1),TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS,ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA,CELL-CULTURE,FUSARIUM,TOXICITY,CYTOTOXICITY,TRANSFORMATION,PHYTOTOXICITY,DEGRADATION,ZEARALENONE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{18}},
  title        = {{Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON), assessed via a Lemna minor L. bioassay, through biotransformation to 3-epi-DON and 3-epi-DOM-1}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9020063}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}
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