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Eating at restaurants, at work or at home. Is there a difference? : a study among adults of 11 European countries in the context of the HECTOR* project

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Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To compare macronutrient intakes out of home-by location-to those at home and to investigate differences in total daily intakes between individuals consuming more than half of their daily energy out of home and those eating only at home. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data collected through 24-h recalls or diaries among 23 766 European adults. Participants were grouped as 'non-substantial', 'intermediate' and 'very substantial out-of-home' eaters based on energy intake out of home. Mean macronutrient intakes were estimated at home and out of home (overall, at restaurants, at work). Study/cohort-specific mean differences in total intakes between the 'very substantial out-of-home' and the 'at-home' eaters were estimated through linear regression and pooled estimates were derived. RESULTS: At restaurants, men consumed 29% of their energy as fat, 15% as protein, 45% as carbohydrates and 11% as alcohol. Among women, fat contributed 33% of energy intake at restaurants, protein 16%, carbohydrates 45% and alcohol 6%. When eating at work, both sexes reported 30% of energy from fat and 55% from carbohydrates. Intakes at home were higher in fat and lower in carbohydrates and alcohol. Total daily intakes of the 'very substantial out-of-home' eaters were generally similar to those of individuals eating only at home, apart from lower carbohydrate and higher alcohol intakes among individuals eating at restaurants. CONCLUSIONS: In a large population of adults from 11 European countries, eating at work was generally similar to eating at home. Alcoholic drinks were the primary contributors of higher daily energy intakes among individuals eating substantially at restaurants.
Keywords
OUT-OF-HOME, BODY-MASS INDEX, FOOD-CONSUMPTION, MEDITERRANEAN POPULATION, DIETARY-INTAKE, ENERGY-INTAKE, WEIGHT-GAIN, NUTRITION, ASSOCIATION, CANCER

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MLA
Orfanons, Philipos, et al. “Eating at Restaurants, at Work or at Home. Is There a Difference? : A Study among Adults of 11 European Countries in the Context of the HECTOR* Project.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, vol. 71, no. 3, 2017, pp. 407–19, doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.219.
APA
Orfanons, P., Naska, A., Lopes, C., Freisling, H., Rohrmann, S., Sieri, S., … Trichopoulou, A. (2017). Eating at restaurants, at work or at home. Is there a difference? : a study among adults of 11 European countries in the context of the HECTOR* project. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, 71(3), 407–419. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.219
Chicago author-date
Orfanons, Philipos, Ada Naska, Carla Lopes, Heinz Freisling, Sabina Rohrmann, S Sieri, Ibrahim Elmadfa, et al. 2017. “Eating at Restaurants, at Work or at Home. Is There a Difference? : A Study among Adults of 11 European Countries in the Context of the HECTOR* Project.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 71 (3): 407–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.219.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Orfanons, Philipos, Ada Naska, Carla Lopes, Heinz Freisling, Sabina Rohrmann, S Sieri, Ibrahim Elmadfa, Carl Lachat, Kurt Gedrich, Heiner Boeing, V Katze, R Tumino, F Ricceri, A Mattiello, D Palli, Marga Ocké, D Engeset, M Oltarzewski, LM Nilsson, T Key, and A Trichopoulou. 2017. “Eating at Restaurants, at Work or at Home. Is There a Difference? : A Study among Adults of 11 European Countries in the Context of the HECTOR* Project.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 71 (3): 407–419. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.219.
Vancouver
1.
Orfanons P, Naska A, Lopes C, Freisling H, Rohrmann S, Sieri S, et al. Eating at restaurants, at work or at home. Is there a difference? : a study among adults of 11 European countries in the context of the HECTOR* project. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION. 2017;71(3):407–19.
IEEE
[1]
P. Orfanons et al., “Eating at restaurants, at work or at home. Is there a difference? : a study among adults of 11 European countries in the context of the HECTOR* project,” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 407–419, 2017.
@article{8501854,
  abstract     = {{BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To compare macronutrient intakes out of home-by location-to those at home and to investigate differences in total daily intakes between individuals consuming more than half of their daily energy out of home and those eating only at home. 
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data collected through 24-h recalls or diaries among 23 766 European adults. Participants were grouped as 'non-substantial', 'intermediate' and 'very substantial out-of-home' eaters based on energy intake out of home. Mean macronutrient intakes were estimated at home and out of home (overall, at restaurants, at work). Study/cohort-specific mean differences in total intakes between the 'very substantial out-of-home' and the 'at-home' eaters were estimated through linear regression and pooled estimates were derived. 
RESULTS: At restaurants, men consumed 29% of their energy as fat, 15% as protein, 45% as carbohydrates and 11% as alcohol. Among women, fat contributed 33% of energy intake at restaurants, protein 16%, carbohydrates 45% and alcohol 6%. When eating at work, both sexes reported 30% of energy from fat and 55% from carbohydrates. Intakes at home were higher in fat and lower in carbohydrates and alcohol. Total daily intakes of the 'very substantial out-of-home' eaters were generally similar to those of individuals eating only at home, apart from lower carbohydrate and higher alcohol intakes among individuals eating at restaurants. 
CONCLUSIONS: In a large population of adults from 11 European countries, eating at work was generally similar to eating at home. Alcoholic drinks were the primary contributors of higher daily energy intakes among individuals eating substantially at restaurants.}},
  author       = {{Orfanons, Philipos and Naska, Ada and Lopes, Carla and Freisling, Heinz and Rohrmann, Sabina and Sieri, S and Elmadfa, Ibrahim and Lachat, Carl and Gedrich, Kurt and Boeing, Heiner and Katze, V and Tumino, R and Ricceri, F and Mattiello, A and Palli, D and Ocké, Marga and Engeset, D and Oltarzewski, M and Nilsson, LM and Key, T and Trichopoulou, A}},
  issn         = {{0954-3007}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION}},
  keywords     = {{OUT-OF-HOME,BODY-MASS INDEX,FOOD-CONSUMPTION,MEDITERRANEAN POPULATION,DIETARY-INTAKE,ENERGY-INTAKE,WEIGHT-GAIN,NUTRITION,ASSOCIATION,CANCER}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{407--419}},
  title        = {{Eating at restaurants, at work or at home. Is there a difference? : a study among adults of 11 European countries in the context of the HECTOR* project}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.219}},
  volume       = {{71}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

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