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Validated UPLC-MS/MS methods to quantitate free and conjugated Alternaria toxins in commercially available tomato products and fruit and vegetable juices in Belgium

Jeroen Walravens (UGent) , Hannes Mikula, Michael Rychlik, Stefan Asam, Tom Devos (UGent) , Emmanuel Njumbe Ediage (UGent) , José Diana Di Mavungu (UGent) , Liesbeth Jacxsens (UGent) , Anita Van Landschoot (UGent) , Lynn Vanhaecke (UGent) , et al.
(2016) JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY. 64(24). p.5101-5109
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Abstract
Ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe based analytical methodologies to quantitate both free (alternariol (1), alternariol monomethyl ether (2), tenuazonic acid (3), tentoxin (4), altenuene (5), altertoxin-I (6)) and conjugated (sulfates and glucosides of 1 and 2) Alternaria toxins in fruit and vegetable juices and tomato products were developed and validated. Acceptable limits of quantitation (0.7-5.7 mu g/kg), repeatability (RSDr < 15.7%), reproducibility (RSDR < 17.9%), and apparent recovery (87.0-110.6%) were obtained for all analytes in all matrices investigated. 129 commercial foodstuffs were analyzed, and 3 was detected in 100% of tomato product samples (<LOQ to 333 mu g/kg), while 1, 2, 4, and 5 were also frequently detected (21-86%, <LOQ to 62 mu g/kg). Moreover, low levels (<LOQ to 9.9 mu g/kg) of modified Alternaria toxins (sulfates of 1 and 2) were repeatedly detected. A deterministic dietary exposure assessment revealed the possible risk for human health related to the presence of 1 and 2 in tomato based foodstuffs, whereas 3 is unlikely to be of human health concern.
Keywords
(modified) mycotoxins, Alternaria, UPLC-MS/MS, method development and validation, dietary exposure assessment, NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WHEAT, MASS-SPECTROMETRIC METHOD, MASKED MYCOTOXINS, FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS, MONOMETHYL ETHER, DEOXYNIVALENOL, ZEARALENONE, FOOD, DERIVATIVES, IDENTIFICATION

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Citation

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MLA
Walravens, Jeroen, et al. “Validated UPLC-MS/MS Methods to Quantitate Free and Conjugated Alternaria Toxins in Commercially Available Tomato Products and Fruit and Vegetable Juices in Belgium.” JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, vol. 64, no. 24, 2016, pp. 5101–09, doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01029.
APA
Walravens, J., Mikula, H., Rychlik, M., Asam, S., Devos, T., Njumbe Ediage, E., … De Saeger, S. (2016). Validated UPLC-MS/MS methods to quantitate free and conjugated Alternaria toxins in commercially available tomato products and fruit and vegetable juices in Belgium. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 64(24), 5101–5109. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01029
Chicago author-date
Walravens, Jeroen, Hannes Mikula, Michael Rychlik, Stefan Asam, Tom Devos, Emmanuel Njumbe Ediage, José Diana Di Mavungu, et al. 2016. “Validated UPLC-MS/MS Methods to Quantitate Free and Conjugated Alternaria Toxins in Commercially Available Tomato Products and Fruit and Vegetable Juices in Belgium.” JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 64 (24): 5101–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01029.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Walravens, Jeroen, Hannes Mikula, Michael Rychlik, Stefan Asam, Tom Devos, Emmanuel Njumbe Ediage, José Diana Di Mavungu, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Anita Van Landschoot, Lynn Vanhaecke, and Sarah De Saeger. 2016. “Validated UPLC-MS/MS Methods to Quantitate Free and Conjugated Alternaria Toxins in Commercially Available Tomato Products and Fruit and Vegetable Juices in Belgium.” JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 64 (24): 5101–5109. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01029.
Vancouver
1.
Walravens J, Mikula H, Rychlik M, Asam S, Devos T, Njumbe Ediage E, et al. Validated UPLC-MS/MS methods to quantitate free and conjugated Alternaria toxins in commercially available tomato products and fruit and vegetable juices in Belgium. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY. 2016;64(24):5101–9.
IEEE
[1]
J. Walravens et al., “Validated UPLC-MS/MS methods to quantitate free and conjugated Alternaria toxins in commercially available tomato products and fruit and vegetable juices in Belgium,” JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, vol. 64, no. 24, pp. 5101–5109, 2016.
@article{8166745,
  abstract     = {{Ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe based analytical methodologies to quantitate both free (alternariol (1), alternariol monomethyl ether (2), tenuazonic acid (3), tentoxin (4), altenuene (5), altertoxin-I (6)) and conjugated (sulfates and glucosides of 1 and 2) Alternaria toxins in fruit and vegetable juices and tomato products were developed and validated. Acceptable limits of quantitation (0.7-5.7 mu g/kg), repeatability (RSDr < 15.7%), reproducibility (RSDR < 17.9%), and apparent recovery (87.0-110.6%) were obtained for all analytes in all matrices investigated. 129 commercial foodstuffs were analyzed, and 3 was detected in 100% of tomato product samples (<LOQ to 333 mu g/kg), while 1, 2, 4, and 5 were also frequently detected (21-86%, <LOQ to 62 mu g/kg). Moreover, low levels (<LOQ to 9.9 mu g/kg) of modified Alternaria toxins (sulfates of 1 and 2) were repeatedly detected. A deterministic dietary exposure assessment revealed the possible risk for human health related to the presence of 1 and 2 in tomato based foodstuffs, whereas 3 is unlikely to be of human health concern.}},
  author       = {{Walravens, Jeroen and Mikula, Hannes and Rychlik, Michael and Asam, Stefan and Devos, Tom and Njumbe Ediage, Emmanuel and Diana Di Mavungu, José and Jacxsens, Liesbeth and Van Landschoot, Anita and Vanhaecke, Lynn and De Saeger, Sarah}},
  issn         = {{0021-8561}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}},
  keywords     = {{(modified) mycotoxins,Alternaria,UPLC-MS/MS,method development and validation,dietary exposure assessment,NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WHEAT,MASS-SPECTROMETRIC METHOD,MASKED MYCOTOXINS,FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS,MONOMETHYL ETHER,DEOXYNIVALENOL,ZEARALENONE,FOOD,DERIVATIVES,IDENTIFICATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{24}},
  pages        = {{5101--5109}},
  title        = {{Validated UPLC-MS/MS methods to quantitate free and conjugated Alternaria toxins in commercially available tomato products and fruit and vegetable juices in Belgium}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01029}},
  volume       = {{64}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}
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