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The heterogeneity of headache patients who self-medicate: a cluster analysis approach

Els Mehuys (UGent) , Koen Paemeleire (UGent) , Geert Crombez (UGent) , Els Adriaens (UGent) , Thierry Van Hees, Sofie Demarche, Thierry Christiaens (UGent) , Lucas Van Bortel (UGent) , Inge Van Tongelen (UGent) , Jean Paul Remon (UGent) , et al.
(2016) PAIN. 157(7). p.1464-1471
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Organization
Abstract
Patients with headache often self-treat their condition with over-the-counter analgesics. However, overuse of analgesics can cause medication-overuse headache. The present study aimed to identify subgroups of individuals with headache who self-medicate, as this could be helpful to tailor intervention strategies for prevention of medication-overuse headache. Patients (n = 1021) were recruited from 202 community pharmacies and completed a self-administered questionnaire. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group patients as a function of sociodemographics, pain, disability, and medication use for pain. Three patient clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (n = 498, 48.8%) consisted of relatively young individuals, and most of them suffered from migraine. They reported the least number of other pain complaints and the lowest prevalence of medication overuse (MO; 16%). Cluster 2 (n=301, 29.5%) included older persons with mainly non-migraine headache, a low disability, and on average pain in 2 other locations. Prevalence of MO was 40%. Cluster 3 (n=222, 21.7%) mostly consisted of patients with migraine who also report pain in many other locations. These patients reported a high disability and a severe limitation of activities. They also showed the highest rates of MO (73%).
Keywords
Medication-overuse headache, Headache, Self-medication, Community pharmacy, Cluster analysis, Risk factor, Chronic pain, TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE, OVERUSE HEADACHE, CHRONIC PAIN, CHRONIC MIGRAINE, PRIMARY-CARE, NECK PAIN, PREVALENCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, SYMPTOMS

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Citation

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MLA
Mehuys, Els, et al. “The Heterogeneity of Headache Patients Who Self-Medicate: A Cluster Analysis Approach.” PAIN, vol. 157, no. 7, 2016, pp. 1464–71, doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000541.
APA
Mehuys, E., Paemeleire, K., Crombez, G., Adriaens, E., Van Hees, T., Demarche, S., … Boussery, K. (2016). The heterogeneity of headache patients who self-medicate: a cluster analysis approach. PAIN, 157(7), 1464–1471. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000541
Chicago author-date
Mehuys, Els, Koen Paemeleire, Geert Crombez, Els Adriaens, Thierry Van Hees, Sofie Demarche, Thierry Christiaens, et al. 2016. “The Heterogeneity of Headache Patients Who Self-Medicate: A Cluster Analysis Approach.” PAIN 157 (7): 1464–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000541.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Mehuys, Els, Koen Paemeleire, Geert Crombez, Els Adriaens, Thierry Van Hees, Sofie Demarche, Thierry Christiaens, Lucas Van Bortel, Inge Van Tongelen, Jean Paul Remon, and Koen Boussery. 2016. “The Heterogeneity of Headache Patients Who Self-Medicate: A Cluster Analysis Approach.” PAIN 157 (7): 1464–1471. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000541.
Vancouver
1.
Mehuys E, Paemeleire K, Crombez G, Adriaens E, Van Hees T, Demarche S, et al. The heterogeneity of headache patients who self-medicate: a cluster analysis approach. PAIN. 2016;157(7):1464–71.
IEEE
[1]
E. Mehuys et al., “The heterogeneity of headache patients who self-medicate: a cluster analysis approach,” PAIN, vol. 157, no. 7, pp. 1464–1471, 2016.
@article{8086454,
  abstract     = {{Patients with headache often self-treat their condition with over-the-counter analgesics. However, overuse of analgesics can cause medication-overuse headache. The present study aimed to identify subgroups of individuals with headache who self-medicate, as this could be helpful to tailor intervention strategies for prevention of medication-overuse headache. Patients (n = 1021) were recruited from 202 community pharmacies and completed a self-administered questionnaire. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group patients as a function of sociodemographics, pain, disability, and medication use for pain. Three patient clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (n = 498, 48.8%) consisted of relatively young individuals, and most of them suffered from migraine. They reported the least number of other pain complaints and the lowest prevalence of medication overuse (MO; 16%). Cluster 2 (n=301, 29.5%) included older persons with mainly non-migraine headache, a low disability, and on average pain in 2 other locations. Prevalence of MO was 40%. Cluster 3 (n=222, 21.7%) mostly consisted of patients with migraine who also report pain in many other locations. These patients reported a high disability and a severe limitation of activities. They also showed the highest rates of MO (73%).}},
  author       = {{Mehuys, Els and Paemeleire, Koen and Crombez, Geert and Adriaens, Els and Van Hees, Thierry and Demarche, Sofie and Christiaens, Thierry and Van Bortel, Lucas and Van Tongelen, Inge and Remon, Jean Paul and Boussery, Koen}},
  issn         = {{0304-3959}},
  journal      = {{PAIN}},
  keywords     = {{Medication-overuse headache,Headache,Self-medication,Community pharmacy,Cluster analysis,Risk factor,Chronic pain,TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE,OVERUSE HEADACHE,CHRONIC PAIN,CHRONIC MIGRAINE,PRIMARY-CARE,NECK PAIN,PREVALENCE,EPIDEMIOLOGY,MANAGEMENT,SYMPTOMS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{1464--1471}},
  title        = {{The heterogeneity of headache patients who self-medicate: a cluster analysis approach}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000541}},
  volume       = {{157}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

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