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Does canine inflammatory bowel disease influence gut microbial profile and host metabolism?

Jia Xu (UGent) , Adronie Verbrugghe (UGent) , Marta Ribeiro Alves Lourenço (UGent) , Geert Janssens (UGent) , Daisy Liu, Tom Van de Wiele (UGent) , Venessa Eeckhaut (UGent) , Filip Van Immerseel (UGent) , Isabel Van de Maele (UGent) , Yufeng Niu (UGent) , et al.
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Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a diverse group of chronic gastrointestinal diseases, and gut microbial dysbiosis has been proposed as a modulating factor in its pathogenesis. Several studies have investigated the gut microbial ecology of dogs with IBD but it is yet unclear if this microbial profile can alter the nutrient metabolism of the host. The aim of the present study was to characterize the faecal bacterial profile and functionality as well as to determine host metabolic changes in IBD dogs. Twenty-three dogs diagnosed with IBD and ten healthy control dogs were included. Dogs with IBD were given a clinical score using the canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI). Faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ammonia concentrations were measured and quantitative PCR was performed. The concentration of plasma amino acids, acylcarnitines, serum folate, cobalamin, and indoxyl sulfate was determined. Results: No significant differences in the abundance of a selection of bacterial groups and fermentation metabolites were observed between the IBD and control groups. However, significant negative correlations were found between CCECAI and the faecal proportion of Lactobacillus as well as between CCECAI and total SCFA concentration. Serum folate and plasma citrulline were decreased and plasma valine was increased in IBD compared to control dogs. Increased plasma free carnitine and total acylcarnitines were observed in IBD compared with control dogs, whereas short-chain acylcarnitines (butyrylcarnitine + isobutyrylcarnitine and, methylmalonylcarnitine) to free carnitine ratios decreased. Dogs with IBD had a higher 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine + isovalerylcarnitine to leucine ratio compared to control dogs. Conclusions: Canine IBD induced a wide range of changes in metabolic profile, especially for the plasma concentrations of short-chain acylcarnitines and amino acids, which could have evolved from tissue damage and alteration in host metabolism. In addition, dogs with more severe IBD were characterised by a decrease in faecal proportion of Lactobacillus.
Keywords
Butyrate-producing bacteria, Acylcarnitine profile, Citrulline, Dog, Fermentation, Inflammatory bowel disease, Lactobacillus, Microbiota, Short-chain fatty acid, REAL-TIME PCR, 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA, MOLECULAR-PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION, GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS, CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS, FECAL MICROBIOTA, ULCERATIVE-COLITIS, BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES, PLASMA CITRULLINE, SMALL-INTESTINE

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MLA
Xu, Jia, et al. “Does Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Influence Gut Microbial Profile and Host Metabolism?” BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH, vol. 12, 2016, doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0736-2.
APA
Xu, J., Verbrugghe, A., Ribeiro Alves Lourenço, M., Janssens, G., Liu, D., Van de Wiele, T., … Hesta, M. (2016). Does canine inflammatory bowel disease influence gut microbial profile and host metabolism? BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0736-2
Chicago author-date
Xu, Jia, Adronie Verbrugghe, Marta Ribeiro Alves Lourenço, Geert Janssens, Daisy Liu, Tom Van de Wiele, Venessa Eeckhaut, et al. 2016. “Does Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Influence Gut Microbial Profile and Host Metabolism?” BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0736-2.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Xu, Jia, Adronie Verbrugghe, Marta Ribeiro Alves Lourenço, Geert Janssens, Daisy Liu, Tom Van de Wiele, Venessa Eeckhaut, Filip Van Immerseel, Isabel Van de Maele, Yufeng Niu, Guido Bosch, Greet Junius, Brigitte Wuyts, and Myriam Hesta. 2016. “Does Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Influence Gut Microbial Profile and Host Metabolism?” BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH 12. doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0736-2.
Vancouver
1.
Xu J, Verbrugghe A, Ribeiro Alves Lourenço M, Janssens G, Liu D, Van de Wiele T, et al. Does canine inflammatory bowel disease influence gut microbial profile and host metabolism? BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH. 2016;12.
IEEE
[1]
J. Xu et al., “Does canine inflammatory bowel disease influence gut microbial profile and host metabolism?,” BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH, vol. 12, 2016.
@article{8080723,
  abstract     = {{Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a diverse group of chronic gastrointestinal diseases, and gut microbial dysbiosis has been proposed as a modulating factor in its pathogenesis. Several studies have investigated the gut microbial ecology of dogs with IBD but it is yet unclear if this microbial profile can alter the nutrient metabolism of the host. The aim of the present study was to characterize the faecal bacterial profile and functionality as well as to determine host metabolic changes in IBD dogs. Twenty-three dogs diagnosed with IBD and ten healthy control dogs were included. Dogs with IBD were given a clinical score using the canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI). Faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ammonia concentrations were measured and quantitative PCR was performed. The concentration of plasma amino acids, acylcarnitines, serum folate, cobalamin, and indoxyl sulfate was determined. 
Results: No significant differences in the abundance of a selection of bacterial groups and fermentation metabolites were observed between the IBD and control groups. However, significant negative correlations were found between CCECAI and the faecal proportion of Lactobacillus as well as between CCECAI and total SCFA concentration. Serum folate and plasma citrulline were decreased and plasma valine was increased in IBD compared to control dogs. Increased plasma free carnitine and total acylcarnitines were observed in IBD compared with control dogs, whereas short-chain acylcarnitines (butyrylcarnitine + isobutyrylcarnitine and, methylmalonylcarnitine) to free carnitine ratios decreased. Dogs with IBD had a higher 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine + isovalerylcarnitine to leucine ratio compared to control dogs. 
Conclusions: Canine IBD induced a wide range of changes in metabolic profile, especially for the plasma concentrations of short-chain acylcarnitines and amino acids, which could have evolved from tissue damage and alteration in host metabolism. In addition, dogs with more severe IBD were characterised by a decrease in faecal proportion of Lactobacillus.}},
  articleno    = {{114}},
  author       = {{Xu, Jia and Verbrugghe, Adronie and Ribeiro Alves Lourenço, Marta and Janssens, Geert and Liu, Daisy and Van de Wiele, Tom and Eeckhaut, Venessa and Van Immerseel, Filip and Van de Maele, Isabel and Niu, Yufeng and Bosch, Guido and Junius, Greet and Wuyts, Brigitte and Hesta, Myriam}},
  issn         = {{1746-6148}},
  journal      = {{BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH}},
  keywords     = {{Butyrate-producing bacteria,Acylcarnitine profile,Citrulline,Dog,Fermentation,Inflammatory bowel disease,Lactobacillus,Microbiota,Short-chain fatty acid,REAL-TIME PCR,16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA,MOLECULAR-PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION,GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS,CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS,FECAL MICROBIOTA,ULCERATIVE-COLITIS,BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES,PLASMA CITRULLINE,SMALL-INTESTINE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{10}},
  title        = {{Does canine inflammatory bowel disease influence gut microbial profile and host metabolism?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0736-2}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

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