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Development of cycling skills in 7- to 12-year-old children

Linus Zeuwts (UGent) , Pieter Vansteenkiste (UGent) , Greet Cardon (UGent) and Matthieu Lenoir (UGent)
(2016) TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION. 17(7). p.736-742
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Abstract
Objective: Cycling is a complex skill consisting of motor skills such as pedalling, braking, and steering. Because the ability to perform cycling skills is based on the age-related development of the child, experience and age-related reference values are of interest in light of customized testing and training. Methods: One hundred thirty-eight children from the second (7-8years), fourth (9-10years), and sixth (11-12years) grades performed a practical bicycle test consisting of 13 test items with specific points of interest. Moreover, age at onset of cycling, cycling to and from school, independent mobility, and minutes cycling per week were estimated using a parental questionnaire. Results: It is found that cycling skills are strongly related to age with 11- to 12-year-old children outperforming 7- to 8-year-old children for 11 test items and 9- to 10-year-old children for 8 test items. Conclusions: Next to age, age at onset of cycling also contributed to cycling skills. Therefore, our results suggest that cycling skills are associated with physical and mental maturation. Subsequently, age-related reference values are provided to customize testing and training.
Keywords
cycling, traffic safety, children, bicycle skill, BICYCLE ACCIDENTS, HEALTH-BENEFITS, YOUNG-CHILDREN, SCHOOL, SAFETY, AGE, ADOLESCENTS, KNOWLEDGE, INJURIES, BEHAVIOR

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MLA
Zeuwts, Linus, et al. “Development of Cycling Skills in 7- to 12-Year-Old Children.” TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION, vol. 17, no. 7, 2016, pp. 736–42, doi:10.1080/15389588.2016.1143553.
APA
Zeuwts, L., Vansteenkiste, P., Cardon, G., & Lenoir, M. (2016). Development of cycling skills in 7- to 12-year-old children. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION, 17(7), 736–742. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1143553
Chicago author-date
Zeuwts, Linus, Pieter Vansteenkiste, Greet Cardon, and Matthieu Lenoir. 2016. “Development of Cycling Skills in 7- to 12-Year-Old Children.” TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 17 (7): 736–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1143553.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Zeuwts, Linus, Pieter Vansteenkiste, Greet Cardon, and Matthieu Lenoir. 2016. “Development of Cycling Skills in 7- to 12-Year-Old Children.” TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 17 (7): 736–742. doi:10.1080/15389588.2016.1143553.
Vancouver
1.
Zeuwts L, Vansteenkiste P, Cardon G, Lenoir M. Development of cycling skills in 7- to 12-year-old children. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION. 2016;17(7):736–42.
IEEE
[1]
L. Zeuwts, P. Vansteenkiste, G. Cardon, and M. Lenoir, “Development of cycling skills in 7- to 12-year-old children,” TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 736–742, 2016.
@article{8042789,
  abstract     = {{Objective: Cycling is a complex skill consisting of motor skills such as pedalling, braking, and steering. Because the ability to perform cycling skills is based on the age-related development of the child, experience and age-related reference values are of interest in light of customized testing and training.
Methods: One hundred thirty-eight children from the second (7-8years), fourth (9-10years), and sixth (11-12years) grades performed a practical bicycle test consisting of 13 test items with specific points of interest. Moreover, age at onset of cycling, cycling to and from school, independent mobility, and minutes cycling per week were estimated using a parental questionnaire.
Results: It is found that cycling skills are strongly related to age with 11- to 12-year-old children outperforming 7- to 8-year-old children for 11 test items and 9- to 10-year-old children for 8 test items.
Conclusions: Next to age, age at onset of cycling also contributed to cycling skills. Therefore, our results suggest that cycling skills are associated with physical and mental maturation. Subsequently, age-related reference values are provided to customize testing and training.}},
  author       = {{Zeuwts, Linus and Vansteenkiste, Pieter and Cardon, Greet and Lenoir, Matthieu}},
  issn         = {{1538-9588}},
  journal      = {{TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION}},
  keywords     = {{cycling,traffic safety,children,bicycle skill,BICYCLE ACCIDENTS,HEALTH-BENEFITS,YOUNG-CHILDREN,SCHOOL,SAFETY,AGE,ADOLESCENTS,KNOWLEDGE,INJURIES,BEHAVIOR}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{736--742}},
  title        = {{Development of cycling skills in 7- to 12-year-old children}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1143553}},
  volume       = {{17}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

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