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Charcoal 'mines' in the Norwegian woods

(2016) ENERGY & FUELS. 30(10). p.7959-7970
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Abstract
This paper presents lab-scale flash carbonization (FC) experiments under elevated pressure using Norwegian wood as a feedstock. The silicon and ferrosilicon industry of Norway has been urged to reduce fossil CO2 emissions by increasing the use of charcoal as a substitute for coal and coke in the production process. Because charcoal is not produced in Norway, large amounts of it are imported from south Asia. Norway now intends to produce charcoal locally using optimum carbonization techniques from local biomass and forestry waste. That is where the pressurized FC experiments come in. Birch, spruce and corresponding forest residues (FRs) were carbonized, enabling the analysis of the impact of pressure and FC canister insulation on their respective fixed carbon yields. FRs proved to be proper to make charcoal, because fixed carbon contents of 80% could be achieved at moderate pressures. The fixed carbon yields of spruce and birch wood reached over 90% of their theoretical values. The high charcoal yields can result in remarkable cost savings for the metallurgical industry while, at the same time, making excessive deforestation unnecessary. The use of coal will soon be abandoned in the ferrosilicon industry, and charcoal "mines" could become an obvious choice.
Keywords
FLASH CARBONIZATION PROCESS, FIXED-CARBON YIELD, GASIFICATION REACTIVITY, BIOCARBON PRODUCTION, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, STEEL-INDUSTRY, SLOW PYROLYSIS, BIOMASS, BIRCH, PRESSURE

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MLA
Van Wesenbeeck, Sam, et al. “Charcoal ‘mines’ in the Norwegian Woods.” ENERGY & FUELS, vol. 30, no. 10, 2016, pp. 7959–70, doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00919.
APA
Van Wesenbeeck, S., Wang, L., Ronsse, F., Prins, W., Skreiberg, Ø., & Antal, M. J., Jr. (2016). Charcoal “mines” in the Norwegian woods. ENERGY & FUELS, 30(10), 7959–7970. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00919
Chicago author-date
Van Wesenbeeck, Sam, Liang Wang, Frederik Ronsse, Wolter Prins, Øyvind Skreiberg, and Michael Jerry Antal Jr. 2016. “Charcoal ‘mines’ in the Norwegian Woods.” ENERGY & FUELS 30 (10): 7959–70. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00919.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Wesenbeeck, Sam, Liang Wang, Frederik Ronsse, Wolter Prins, Øyvind Skreiberg, and Michael Jerry Antal Jr. 2016. “Charcoal ‘mines’ in the Norwegian Woods.” ENERGY & FUELS 30 (10): 7959–7970. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00919.
Vancouver
1.
Van Wesenbeeck S, Wang L, Ronsse F, Prins W, Skreiberg Ø, Antal MJ Jr. Charcoal “mines” in the Norwegian woods. ENERGY & FUELS. 2016;30(10):7959–70.
IEEE
[1]
S. Van Wesenbeeck, L. Wang, F. Ronsse, W. Prins, Ø. Skreiberg, and M. J. Antal Jr, “Charcoal ‘mines’ in the Norwegian woods,” ENERGY & FUELS, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 7959–7970, 2016.
@article{8030674,
  abstract     = {{This paper presents lab-scale flash carbonization (FC) experiments under elevated pressure using Norwegian wood as a feedstock. The silicon and ferrosilicon industry of Norway has been urged to reduce fossil CO2 emissions by increasing the use of charcoal as a substitute for coal and coke in the production process. Because charcoal is not produced in Norway, large amounts of it are imported from south Asia. Norway now intends to produce charcoal locally using optimum carbonization techniques from local biomass and forestry waste. That is where the pressurized FC experiments come in. Birch, spruce and corresponding forest residues (FRs) were carbonized, enabling the analysis of the impact of pressure and FC canister insulation on their respective fixed carbon yields. FRs proved to be proper to make charcoal, because fixed carbon contents of 80% could be achieved at moderate pressures. The fixed carbon yields of spruce and birch wood reached over 90% of their theoretical values. The high charcoal yields can result in remarkable cost savings for the metallurgical industry while, at the same time, making excessive deforestation unnecessary. The use of coal will soon be abandoned in the ferrosilicon industry, and charcoal "mines" could become an obvious choice.}},
  author       = {{Van Wesenbeeck, Sam and Wang, Liang and Ronsse, Frederik and Prins, Wolter and Skreiberg, Øyvind and Antal, Michael Jerry, Jr}},
  issn         = {{0887-0624}},
  journal      = {{ENERGY & FUELS}},
  keywords     = {{FLASH CARBONIZATION PROCESS,FIXED-CARBON YIELD,GASIFICATION REACTIVITY,BIOCARBON PRODUCTION,CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION,STEEL-INDUSTRY,SLOW PYROLYSIS,BIOMASS,BIRCH,PRESSURE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{7959--7970}},
  title        = {{Charcoal 'mines' in the Norwegian woods}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00919}},
  volume       = {{30}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

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