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Does release of encapsulated nutrients have an important role in the efficacy of xylanase in broilers?

(2016) POULTRY SCIENCE. 95(5). p.1066-1076
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Abstract
The non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in cell walls can act as a barrier for digestion of intracellular nutrients. This effect is called "cage effect." Part of the success of fibrolytic enzymes in broiler feed is assumed to be attributed to cage effect reduction. Further, changes in viscosity and potential prebiotic action should also be considered. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the relative importance of the cage effect in xylanase efficacy in broilers. Using a 2 x 2 factorial design, 24 pens with 30 Ross 308 male chicks were fed corn-soy based diets consisting of normal and freeze-thawed (5 d at -18 degrees C) corn, both with and without xylanase. The freeze-thaw method was used to eliminate the cage effect, whereas a corn-based diet was used to exclude viscosity effects. Body weights (BW), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined at d 13, 26, and 39. A balance study was executed at the end of the growing phase. These birds were euthanized at d 34 (non-fasted) to determine the viscosity of digesta, blood metabolites, intestinal morphology, and microbiota composition. During the finisher period, there was a significant interaction between enzyme supplementation and freeze-thawing for FCR, in which FCR was improved by freeze-thawed corn and tended to be improved by normal corn + enzyme compared with the control group. The improvement in performance (finisher period) of freeze-thawed corn and xylanase coincided with increased gut absorption of glucose (based on postprandial plasma concentrations) and increased number of Clostridium cluster IV in the caecum, and agreed with the higher gut villus height. In addition, xylanase inclusion significantly increased the postprandial plasma glycine and triglycerides concentration, and led to elevated bacterial gene copies of butyryl CoA: acetate CoA-transferase, suggesting a prebiotic effect of xylanase addition through more than just the cage effect reduction. The applied model managed to rule out viscosity by using corn, and it was possible to isolate the cage effect by freez-ethawing the dietary corn.
Keywords
prebiotic effect, frozen corn, non-starch polysaccharides, cage effect, xylanase, REAL-TIME PCR, FEED PARTICLE-SIZE, SOYBEAN-MEAL, METABOLIZABLE ENERGY, GROWTH-PERFORMANCE, EXOGENOUS ENZYMES, WHEAT PENTOSANS, CHICKENS, BACTERIA, DIETS

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MLA
Khadem, Alireza, et al. “Does Release of Encapsulated Nutrients Have an Important Role in the Efficacy of Xylanase in Broilers?” POULTRY SCIENCE, vol. 95, no. 5, 2016, pp. 1066–76, doi:10.3382/ps/pew002.
APA
Khadem, A., Ribeiro Alves Lourenço, M., Delezie, E., Maertens, L., Goderis, A., Mombaerts, R., … Janssens, G. (2016). Does release of encapsulated nutrients have an important role in the efficacy of xylanase in broilers? POULTRY SCIENCE, 95(5), 1066–1076. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew002
Chicago author-date
Khadem, Alireza, Marta Ribeiro Alves Lourenço, Evelyne Delezie, Luc Maertens, Anne Goderis, Ronny Mombaerts, Monica Höfte, Venessa Eeckhaut, Filip Van Immerseel, and Geert Janssens. 2016. “Does Release of Encapsulated Nutrients Have an Important Role in the Efficacy of Xylanase in Broilers?” POULTRY SCIENCE 95 (5): 1066–76. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew002.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Khadem, Alireza, Marta Ribeiro Alves Lourenço, Evelyne Delezie, Luc Maertens, Anne Goderis, Ronny Mombaerts, Monica Höfte, Venessa Eeckhaut, Filip Van Immerseel, and Geert Janssens. 2016. “Does Release of Encapsulated Nutrients Have an Important Role in the Efficacy of Xylanase in Broilers?” POULTRY SCIENCE 95 (5): 1066–1076. doi:10.3382/ps/pew002.
Vancouver
1.
Khadem A, Ribeiro Alves Lourenço M, Delezie E, Maertens L, Goderis A, Mombaerts R, et al. Does release of encapsulated nutrients have an important role in the efficacy of xylanase in broilers? POULTRY SCIENCE. 2016;95(5):1066–76.
IEEE
[1]
A. Khadem et al., “Does release of encapsulated nutrients have an important role in the efficacy of xylanase in broilers?,” POULTRY SCIENCE, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 1066–1076, 2016.
@article{7898445,
  abstract     = {{The non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in cell walls can act as a barrier for digestion of intracellular nutrients. This effect is called "cage effect." Part of the success of fibrolytic enzymes in broiler feed is assumed to be attributed to cage effect reduction. Further, changes in viscosity and potential prebiotic action should also be considered. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the relative importance of the cage effect in xylanase efficacy in broilers. Using a 2 x 2 factorial design, 24 pens with 30 Ross 308 male chicks were fed corn-soy based diets consisting of normal and freeze-thawed (5 d at -18 degrees C) corn, both with and without xylanase. The freeze-thaw method was used to eliminate the cage effect, whereas a corn-based diet was used to exclude viscosity effects. Body weights (BW), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined at d 13, 26, and 39. A balance study was executed at the end of the growing phase. These birds were euthanized at d 34 (non-fasted) to determine the viscosity of digesta, blood metabolites, intestinal morphology, and microbiota composition. During the finisher period, there was a significant interaction between enzyme supplementation and freeze-thawing for FCR, in which FCR was improved by freeze-thawed corn and tended to be improved by normal corn + enzyme compared with the control group. The improvement in performance (finisher period) of freeze-thawed corn and xylanase coincided with increased gut absorption of glucose (based on postprandial plasma concentrations) and increased number of Clostridium cluster IV in the caecum, and agreed with the higher gut villus height. In addition, xylanase inclusion significantly increased the postprandial plasma glycine and triglycerides concentration, and led to elevated bacterial gene copies of butyryl CoA: acetate CoA-transferase, suggesting a prebiotic effect of xylanase addition through more than just the cage effect reduction. The applied model managed to rule out viscosity by using corn, and it was possible to isolate the cage effect by freez-ethawing the dietary corn.}},
  author       = {{Khadem, Alireza and Ribeiro Alves Lourenço, Marta and Delezie, Evelyne and Maertens, Luc and Goderis, Anne and Mombaerts, Ronny and Höfte, Monica and Eeckhaut, Venessa and Van Immerseel, Filip and Janssens, Geert}},
  issn         = {{0032-5791}},
  journal      = {{POULTRY SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{prebiotic effect,frozen corn,non-starch polysaccharides,cage effect,xylanase,REAL-TIME PCR,FEED PARTICLE-SIZE,SOYBEAN-MEAL,METABOLIZABLE ENERGY,GROWTH-PERFORMANCE,EXOGENOUS ENZYMES,WHEAT PENTOSANS,CHICKENS,BACTERIA,DIETS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{1066--1076}},
  title        = {{Does release of encapsulated nutrients have an important role in the efficacy of xylanase in broilers?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew002}},
  volume       = {{95}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

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