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Development of an inventory assessing social and emotional skills in Brazilian youth

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Abstract
Whereas the structure of individual differences in personal attributes is well understood in adults, much less work has been done in children and adolescents. On the assessment side, numerous instruments are in use for children but they measure discordant attributes, ranging from one single factor (self-esteem; grit) to three factors (social, emotional, and academic self-efficacy) to five factors (strength and difficulties; Big Five traits). To construct a comprehensive measure for large-scale studies in Brazilian schools, we selected the eight most promising instruments and studied their structure at the item level (Study 1; N = 3,023). The resulting six-factor structure captures the major domains of child differences represented in these instruments and resembles the well-known Big Five personality dimensions plus a negative self-evaluation factor. In a large representative sample in Rio de Janeiro State (Study 2; N = 24,605), we tested a self-report inventory (SENNA1.0) assessing these six dimensions of socio-emotional skills with less than 100 items and found a robust and replicable structure and measurement invariance across grades, demonstrating feasibility for large-scale assessments across diverse student groups in Brazil. Discussion focuses on the contribution to socio-emotional research in education and its measurement as well as on limitations and suggestions for future research.
Keywords
measurement invariance, exploratory structural equation modeling, five-factor model, Big Five, instrument development, social-emotional skills, 21st century skills, MODEL, BIG-5, CHILDREN, CHILDHOOD, ADULTHOOD, METAANALYSIS, SCALE, QUESTIONNAIRE, PERSONALITY-DEVELOPMENT

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MLA
Primi, Ricardo, et al. “Development of an Inventory Assessing Social and Emotional Skills in Brazilian Youth.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, vol. 32, no. 1, 2016, pp. 5–16, doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000343.
APA
Primi, R., Santos, D., John, O., & De Fruyt, F. (2016). Development of an inventory assessing social and emotional skills in Brazilian youth. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, 32(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000343
Chicago author-date
Primi, Ricardo, Daniel Santos, Oliver John, and Filip De Fruyt. 2016. “Development of an Inventory Assessing Social and Emotional Skills in Brazilian Youth.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 32 (1): 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000343.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Primi, Ricardo, Daniel Santos, Oliver John, and Filip De Fruyt. 2016. “Development of an Inventory Assessing Social and Emotional Skills in Brazilian Youth.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 32 (1): 5–16. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000343.
Vancouver
1.
Primi R, Santos D, John O, De Fruyt F. Development of an inventory assessing social and emotional skills in Brazilian youth. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT. 2016;32(1):5–16.
IEEE
[1]
R. Primi, D. Santos, O. John, and F. De Fruyt, “Development of an inventory assessing social and emotional skills in Brazilian youth,” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 5–16, 2016.
@article{7280734,
  abstract     = {{Whereas the structure of individual differences in personal attributes is well understood in adults, much less work has been done in children and adolescents. On the assessment side, numerous instruments are in use for children but they measure discordant attributes, ranging from one single factor (self-esteem; grit) to three factors (social, emotional, and academic self-efficacy) to five factors (strength and difficulties; Big Five traits). To construct a comprehensive measure for large-scale studies in Brazilian schools, we selected the eight most promising instruments and studied their structure at the item level (Study 1; N = 3,023). The resulting six-factor structure captures the major domains of child differences represented in these instruments and resembles the well-known Big Five personality dimensions plus a negative self-evaluation factor. In a large representative sample in Rio de Janeiro State (Study 2; N = 24,605), we tested a self-report inventory (SENNA1.0) assessing these six dimensions of socio-emotional skills with less than 100 items and found a robust and replicable structure and measurement invariance across grades, demonstrating feasibility for large-scale assessments across diverse student groups in Brazil. Discussion focuses on the contribution to socio-emotional research in education and its measurement as well as on limitations and suggestions for future research.}},
  author       = {{Primi, Ricardo and Santos, Daniel and John, Oliver and De Fruyt, Filip}},
  issn         = {{1015-5759}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT}},
  keywords     = {{measurement invariance,exploratory structural equation modeling,five-factor model,Big Five,instrument development,social-emotional skills,21st century skills,MODEL,BIG-5,CHILDREN,CHILDHOOD,ADULTHOOD,METAANALYSIS,SCALE,QUESTIONNAIRE,PERSONALITY-DEVELOPMENT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{5--16}},
  title        = {{Development of an inventory assessing social and emotional skills in Brazilian youth}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000343}},
  volume       = {{32}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

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