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Diplopia as presenting sign of Turcot syndrome

Virginie Ninclaus (UGent) , SOPHIE WALRAEDT (UGent) , Edward Baert (UGent) , Genevieve Laureys (UGent) , Bart Leroy (UGent) and Julie De Zaeytijd (UGent)
(2017) INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY. 37(1). p.275-278
Author
Organization
Abstract
To describe a patient with diplopia who was diagnosed with Turcot syndrome. A 10-year-old boy presented with a history of left-sided sixth and seventh nerve palsy. He underwent imaging of the brain and colon, a full ophthalmological and genetic work-up. A 10-year-old boy was referred with combined left-sided sixth and seventh nerve palsy since 1 month without symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. BCVA was 6/6 in both eyes. Fundoscopy revealed bilateral, multiple, oval pigmented ocular fundus lesions (POFLs) in the 4 quadrants. These POFLs, together with the cranial nerve palsies raised the suspicion of Turcot syndrome, a familial neoplasia syndrome characterized by familial colorectal cancer and tumours of the central nervous system. Urgent MRI scan of the brain and stereotactic biopsy showed a primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) at the pons. Coloscopy revealed multiple polyps. DNA analysis of the APC gene confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Turcot syndrome. The PNET was treated with combined radio- and chemotherapy. The patient underwent a prophylactic total colectomy as virtually all patients develop a carcinoma of the colorectal region if left untreated. Although strabismus is not, diplopia in childhood is rare and seldom innocuous. It requires a prompt and thorough diagnostic evaluation, including thorough, dilated fundoscopy. The presence of POFLs combined with neurological symptoms suggestive of a brain tumour should alert the clinician of the possibility of Turcot syndrome. Recognition of this rare syndrome can lead to earlier diagnosis, which is vital for appropriate surveillance and early surgical intervention of the highly frequent neoplasias in Turcot Syndrome.
Keywords
Turcot syndrome, Diplopia in childhood, APC gene, Pigmented ocular fundus lesions, Familial neoplasia syndrome, Brain tumour, FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS, MUTATIONS

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MLA
Ninclaus, Virginie, et al. “Diplopia as Presenting Sign of Turcot Syndrome.” INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, vol. 37, no. 1, 2017, pp. 275–78, doi:10.1007/s10792-016-0246-z.
APA
Ninclaus, V., WALRAEDT, S., Baert, E., Laureys, G., Leroy, B., & De Zaeytijd, J. (2017). Diplopia as presenting sign of Turcot syndrome. INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, 37(1), 275–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-016-0246-z
Chicago author-date
Ninclaus, Virginie, SOPHIE WALRAEDT, Edward Baert, Genevieve Laureys, Bart Leroy, and Julie De Zaeytijd. 2017. “Diplopia as Presenting Sign of Turcot Syndrome.” INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY 37 (1): 275–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-016-0246-z.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Ninclaus, Virginie, SOPHIE WALRAEDT, Edward Baert, Genevieve Laureys, Bart Leroy, and Julie De Zaeytijd. 2017. “Diplopia as Presenting Sign of Turcot Syndrome.” INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY 37 (1): 275–278. doi:10.1007/s10792-016-0246-z.
Vancouver
1.
Ninclaus V, WALRAEDT S, Baert E, Laureys G, Leroy B, De Zaeytijd J. Diplopia as presenting sign of Turcot syndrome. INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY. 2017;37(1):275–8.
IEEE
[1]
V. Ninclaus, S. WALRAEDT, E. Baert, G. Laureys, B. Leroy, and J. De Zaeytijd, “Diplopia as presenting sign of Turcot syndrome,” INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 275–278, 2017.
@article{7254403,
  abstract     = {{To describe a patient with diplopia who was diagnosed with Turcot syndrome. 
A 10-year-old boy presented with a history of left-sided sixth and seventh nerve palsy. He underwent imaging of the brain and colon, a full ophthalmological and genetic work-up. 
A 10-year-old boy was referred with combined left-sided sixth and seventh nerve palsy since 1 month without symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. BCVA was 6/6 in both eyes. Fundoscopy revealed bilateral, multiple, oval pigmented ocular fundus lesions (POFLs) in the 4 quadrants. These POFLs, together with the cranial nerve palsies raised the suspicion of Turcot syndrome, a familial neoplasia syndrome characterized by familial colorectal cancer and tumours of the central nervous system. Urgent MRI scan of the brain and stereotactic biopsy showed a primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) at the pons. Coloscopy revealed multiple polyps. DNA analysis of the APC gene confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Turcot syndrome. The PNET was treated with combined radio- and chemotherapy. The patient underwent a prophylactic total colectomy as virtually all patients develop a carcinoma of the colorectal region if left untreated. 
Although strabismus is not, diplopia in childhood is rare and seldom innocuous. It requires a prompt and thorough diagnostic evaluation, including thorough, dilated fundoscopy. The presence of POFLs combined with neurological symptoms suggestive of a brain tumour should alert the clinician of the possibility of Turcot syndrome. Recognition of this rare syndrome can lead to earlier diagnosis, which is vital for appropriate surveillance and early surgical intervention of the highly frequent neoplasias in Turcot Syndrome.}},
  author       = {{Ninclaus, Virginie and WALRAEDT, SOPHIE and Baert, Edward and Laureys, Genevieve and Leroy, Bart and De Zaeytijd, Julie}},
  issn         = {{0165-5701}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Turcot syndrome,Diplopia in childhood,APC gene,Pigmented ocular fundus lesions,Familial neoplasia syndrome,Brain tumour,FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS,MUTATIONS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{275--278}},
  title        = {{Diplopia as presenting sign of Turcot syndrome}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-016-0246-z}},
  volume       = {{37}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}

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