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Discovery of Lake Sinai virus and an unusual strain of acute bee paralysis virus in West African apiaries

(2016) APIDOLOGIE. 47(1). p.35-47
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Abstract
Samples of bees and honey from 101 apiaries were collected in the West African Republic of Benin. Visual inspection revealed high Varroa destructor and Aethina tumida infestations and low Oplostomus fuligineus infestations. A pathogen screen based on bacterial/fungal cultures ormicroscopic examinations revealed the absence of American and European foulbrood, chalkbrood disease, acariosis and nosemosis. However, 13 bee samples (15.47 %) were found to be infected by viruses as determined by PCR-based techniques. Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV; 8.33 %) and Black queen cell virus (4.76 %) were the most common. From the former we found a strain with an unusual molecular signature of the capsid region, which was taxonomically positioned between ABPV and Israeli acute paralysis virus. We also discovered Lake Sinai virus (LSV; 3.57 %) for the first time in Africa. Eight honey samples collected in regions where cotton was cultivated were subjected to multi-residue and quality control analyses.
Keywords
pesticide residue, viruses, parasites, diseases, honey bees, HONEY-BEES, PATHOGENS, PREVALENCE, POPULATIONS

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MLA
Amakpe, Felicien, et al. “Discovery of Lake Sinai Virus and an Unusual Strain of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus in West African Apiaries.” APIDOLOGIE, vol. 47, no. 1, 2016, pp. 35–47, doi:10.1007/s13592-015-0372-z.
APA
Amakpe, F., De Smet, L., Brunain, M., Ravoet, J., Jacobs, F., Reybroeck, W., … de Graaf, D. (2016). Discovery of Lake Sinai virus and an unusual strain of acute bee paralysis virus in West African apiaries. APIDOLOGIE, 47(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0372-z
Chicago author-date
Amakpe, Felicien, Lina De Smet, Marleen Brunain, Jorgen Ravoet, Franciscus Jacobs, Wim Reybroeck, Brice Sinsin, and Dirk de Graaf. 2016. “Discovery of Lake Sinai Virus and an Unusual Strain of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus in West African Apiaries.” APIDOLOGIE 47 (1): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0372-z.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Amakpe, Felicien, Lina De Smet, Marleen Brunain, Jorgen Ravoet, Franciscus Jacobs, Wim Reybroeck, Brice Sinsin, and Dirk de Graaf. 2016. “Discovery of Lake Sinai Virus and an Unusual Strain of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus in West African Apiaries.” APIDOLOGIE 47 (1): 35–47. doi:10.1007/s13592-015-0372-z.
Vancouver
1.
Amakpe F, De Smet L, Brunain M, Ravoet J, Jacobs F, Reybroeck W, et al. Discovery of Lake Sinai virus and an unusual strain of acute bee paralysis virus in West African apiaries. APIDOLOGIE. 2016;47(1):35–47.
IEEE
[1]
F. Amakpe et al., “Discovery of Lake Sinai virus and an unusual strain of acute bee paralysis virus in West African apiaries,” APIDOLOGIE, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 35–47, 2016.
@article{7223977,
  abstract     = {{Samples of bees and honey from 101 apiaries were collected in the West African Republic of Benin. Visual inspection revealed high Varroa destructor and Aethina tumida infestations and low Oplostomus fuligineus infestations. A pathogen screen based on bacterial/fungal cultures ormicroscopic examinations revealed the absence of American and European foulbrood, chalkbrood disease, acariosis and nosemosis. However, 13 bee samples (15.47 %) were found to be infected by viruses as determined by PCR-based techniques. Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV; 8.33 %) and Black queen cell virus (4.76 %) were the most common. From the former we found a strain with an unusual molecular signature of the capsid region, which was taxonomically positioned between ABPV and Israeli acute paralysis virus. We also discovered Lake Sinai virus (LSV; 3.57 %) for the first time in Africa. Eight honey samples collected in regions where cotton was cultivated were subjected to multi-residue and quality control analyses.}},
  author       = {{Amakpe, Felicien and De Smet, Lina and Brunain, Marleen and Ravoet, Jorgen and Jacobs, Franciscus and Reybroeck, Wim and Sinsin, Brice and de Graaf, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{0044-8435}},
  journal      = {{APIDOLOGIE}},
  keywords     = {{pesticide residue,viruses,parasites,diseases,honey bees,HONEY-BEES,PATHOGENS,PREVALENCE,POPULATIONS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{35--47}},
  title        = {{Discovery of Lake Sinai virus and an unusual strain of acute bee paralysis virus in West African apiaries}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0372-z}},
  volume       = {{47}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

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