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The genome of the seagrass Zostera marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea

Jeanine L Olsen, Pierre Rouzé (UGent) , Bram Verhelst (UGent) , Yao-Cheng Lin (UGent) , Till Bayer, Jonas Collen, Emanuela Dattolo, Emanuele De Paoli, Simon Dittami, Florian Maumus, et al.
(2016) NATURE. 530(7590). p.331-335
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Abstract
Seagrasses colonized the sea(1) on at least three independent occasions to form the basis of one of the most productive and widespread coastal ecosystems on the planet(2). Here we report the genome of Zostera marina (L.), the first, to our knowledge, marine angiosperm to be fully sequenced. This reveals unique insights into the genomic losses and gains involved in achieving the structural and physiological adaptations required for its marine lifestyle, arguably the most severe habitat shift ever accomplished by flowering plants. Key angiosperm innovations that were lost include the entire repertoire of stomatal genes(3), genes involved in the synthesis of terpenoids and ethylene signalling, and genes for ultraviolet protection and phytochromes for far-red sensing. Seagrasses have also regained functions enabling them to adjust to full salinity. Their cell walls contain all of the polysaccharides typical of land plants, but also contain polyanionic, low-methylated pectins and sulfated galactans, a feature shared with the cell walls of all macroalgae(4) and that is important for ion homoeostasis, nutrient uptake and O-2/CO2 exchange through leaf epidermal cells. The Z. marina genome resource will markedly advance a wide range of functional ecological studies from adaptation of marine ecosystems under climate warming(5,6), to unravelling the mechanisms of osmoregulation under high salinities that may further inform our understanding of the evolution of salt tolerance in crop plants(7).
Keywords
EVOLUTION, SEQUENCES, NEW-JERSEY, GENE LISTS, ECOSYSTEMS, FLOWERING PLANTS, RNA-SEQ, MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD, CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS, PROTEIN

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MLA
Olsen, Jeanine L., et al. “The Genome of the Seagrass Zostera Marina Reveals Angiosperm Adaptation to the Sea.” NATURE, vol. 530, no. 7590, 2016, pp. 331–35, doi:10.1038/nature16548.
APA
Olsen, J. L., Rouzé, P., Verhelst, B., Lin, Y.-C., Bayer, T., Collen, J., … Van de Peer, Y. (2016). The genome of the seagrass Zostera marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea. NATURE, 530(7590), 331–335. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16548
Chicago author-date
Olsen, Jeanine L, Pierre Rouzé, Bram Verhelst, Yao-Cheng Lin, Till Bayer, Jonas Collen, Emanuela Dattolo, et al. 2016. “The Genome of the Seagrass Zostera Marina Reveals Angiosperm Adaptation to the Sea.” NATURE 530 (7590): 331–35. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16548.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Olsen, Jeanine L, Pierre Rouzé, Bram Verhelst, Yao-Cheng Lin, Till Bayer, Jonas Collen, Emanuela Dattolo, Emanuele De Paoli, Simon Dittami, Florian Maumus, Gurvan Michel, Anna Kersting, Chiara Lauritano, Rolf Lohaus, Mats Töpel, Thierry Tonon, Kevin Vanneste, Mojgan Amirebrahimi, Janina Brakel, Christoffer Boström, Mansi Chovatia, Jane Grimwood, Jerry W Jenkins, Alexander Jueterbock, Amy Mraz, Wytze T Stam, Hope Tice, Erich Bornberg-Bauer, Pamela J Green, Gareth A Pearson, Gabriele Procaccini, Carlos M Duarte, Jeremy Schmutz, Thorsten BH Reusch, and Yves Van de Peer. 2016. “The Genome of the Seagrass Zostera Marina Reveals Angiosperm Adaptation to the Sea.” NATURE 530 (7590): 331–335. doi:10.1038/nature16548.
Vancouver
1.
Olsen JL, Rouzé P, Verhelst B, Lin Y-C, Bayer T, Collen J, et al. The genome of the seagrass Zostera marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea. NATURE. 2016;530(7590):331–5.
IEEE
[1]
J. L. Olsen et al., “The genome of the seagrass Zostera marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea,” NATURE, vol. 530, no. 7590, pp. 331–335, 2016.
@article{7169910,
  abstract     = {{Seagrasses colonized the sea(1) on at least three independent occasions to form the basis of one of the most productive and widespread coastal ecosystems on the planet(2). Here we report the genome of Zostera marina (L.), the first, to our knowledge, marine angiosperm to be fully sequenced. This reveals unique insights into the genomic losses and gains involved in achieving the structural and physiological adaptations required for its marine lifestyle, arguably the most severe habitat shift ever accomplished by flowering plants. Key angiosperm innovations that were lost include the entire repertoire of stomatal genes(3), genes involved in the synthesis of terpenoids and ethylene signalling, and genes for ultraviolet protection and phytochromes for far-red sensing. Seagrasses have also regained functions enabling them to adjust to full salinity. Their cell walls contain all of the polysaccharides typical of land plants, but also contain polyanionic, low-methylated pectins and sulfated galactans, a feature shared with the cell walls of all macroalgae(4) and that is important for ion homoeostasis, nutrient uptake and O-2/CO2 exchange through leaf epidermal cells. The Z. marina genome resource will markedly advance a wide range of functional ecological studies from adaptation of marine ecosystems under climate warming(5,6), to unravelling the mechanisms of osmoregulation under high salinities that may further inform our understanding of the evolution of salt tolerance in crop plants(7).}},
  author       = {{Olsen, Jeanine L and Rouzé, Pierre and Verhelst, Bram and Lin, Yao-Cheng and Bayer, Till and Collen, Jonas and Dattolo, Emanuela and De Paoli, Emanuele and Dittami, Simon and Maumus, Florian and Michel, Gurvan and Kersting, Anna and Lauritano, Chiara and Lohaus, Rolf and Töpel, Mats and Tonon, Thierry and Vanneste, Kevin and Amirebrahimi, Mojgan and Brakel, Janina and Boström, Christoffer and Chovatia, Mansi and Grimwood, Jane and Jenkins, Jerry W and Jueterbock, Alexander and Mraz, Amy and Stam, Wytze T and Tice, Hope and Bornberg-Bauer, Erich and Green, Pamela J and Pearson, Gareth A and Procaccini, Gabriele and Duarte, Carlos M and Schmutz, Jeremy and Reusch, Thorsten BH and Van de Peer, Yves}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  journal      = {{NATURE}},
  keywords     = {{EVOLUTION,SEQUENCES,NEW-JERSEY,GENE LISTS,ECOSYSTEMS,FLOWERING PLANTS,RNA-SEQ,MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD,CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS,PROTEIN}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7590}},
  pages        = {{331--335}},
  title        = {{The genome of the seagrass Zostera marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature16548}},
  volume       = {{530}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}
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