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Methodology used in studies reporting chronic kidney disease prevalence: a systematic literature review

(2015) NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION. 30(suppl. 4). p.6-16
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Organization
Abstract
Background. Many publications report the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. Comparisons across studies are hampered as CKD prevalence estimations are influenced by study population characteristics and laboratory methods. Methods. For this systematic review, two researchers independently searched PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify all original research articles that were published between 1 January 2003 and 1 November 2014 reporting the prevalence of CKD in the European adult general population. Data on study methodology and reporting of CKD prevalence results were independently extracted by two researchers. Results. We identified 82 eligible publications and included 48 publications of individual studies for the data extraction. There was considerable variation in population sample selection. The majority of studies did not report the sampling frame used, and the response ranged from 10 to 87%. With regard to the assessment of kidney function, 67% used a Jaffe assay, whereas 13% used the enzymatic assay for creatinine determination. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry calibration was used in 29%. The CKD-EPI (52%) and MDRD (75%) equations were most often used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CKD was defined as estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in 92% of studies. Urinary markers of CKD were assessed in 60% of the studies. CKD prevalence was reported by sex and age strata in 54 and 50% of the studies, respectively. In publications with a primary objective of reporting CKD prevalence, 39% reported a 95% confidence interval. Conclusions. The findings from this systematic review showed considerable variation in methods for sampling the general population and assessment of kidney function across studies reporting CKD prevalence. These results are utilized to provide recommendations to help optimize both the design and the reporting of future CKD prevalence studies, which will enhance comparability of study results.
Keywords
CYSTATIN-C, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK, GENERAL-POPULATION, CHRONIC RENAL-DISEASE, GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE, systematic review, MDRD, CKD, epidemiology, CKD-EPI equation, SERUM CREATININE, ELDERLY POPULATION, ALL-CAUSE, CKD-EPI, ASSOCIATION

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Citation

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MLA
Brück, Katharina, et al. “Methodology Used in Studies Reporting Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence: A Systematic Literature Review.” NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION, vol. 30, no. suppl. 4, 2015, pp. 6–16, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfv131.
APA
Brück, K., Jager, K. J., Dounousi, E., Kainz, A., Nitsch, D., Ärnlöv, J., … Stel, V. S. (2015). Methodology used in studies reporting chronic kidney disease prevalence: a systematic literature review. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION, 30(suppl. 4), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv131
Chicago author-date
Brück, Katharina, Kitty J Jager, Evangelia Dounousi, Alexander Kainz, Dorothea Nitsch, Johan Ärnlöv, Dietrich Rothenbacher, et al. 2015. “Methodology Used in Studies Reporting Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence: A Systematic Literature Review.” NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 30 (suppl. 4): 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv131.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Brück, Katharina, Kitty J Jager, Evangelia Dounousi, Alexander Kainz, Dorothea Nitsch, Johan Ärnlöv, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Gemma Browne, Vincenzo Capuano, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Jean Ferrieres, Giovanni Gambaro, Idris Guessous, Stein Hallan, Mika Kastarinen, Gerjan Navis, Alfonso Otero Gonzalez, Luigi Palmieri, Solfrid Romundstad, Belinda Spoto, Benedicte Stengel, Charles Tomson, Giovanni Tripepi, Henry Volzke, Andrzej Wiecek, Ron Gansevoort, Ben Schöttker, Christoph Wanner, Jose Vinhas, Carmine Zoccali, Wim Van Biesen, and Vianda S Stel. 2015. “Methodology Used in Studies Reporting Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence: A Systematic Literature Review.” NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 30 (suppl. 4): 6–16. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfv131.
Vancouver
1.
Brück K, Jager KJ, Dounousi E, Kainz A, Nitsch D, Ärnlöv J, et al. Methodology used in studies reporting chronic kidney disease prevalence: a systematic literature review. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION. 2015;30(suppl. 4):6–16.
IEEE
[1]
K. Brück et al., “Methodology used in studies reporting chronic kidney disease prevalence: a systematic literature review,” NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION, vol. 30, no. suppl. 4, pp. 6–16, 2015.
@article{7089103,
  abstract     = {{Background. Many publications report the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. Comparisons across studies are hampered as CKD prevalence estimations are influenced by study population characteristics and laboratory methods. 
Methods. For this systematic review, two researchers independently searched PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify all original research articles that were published between 1 January 2003 and 1 November 2014 reporting the prevalence of CKD in the European adult general population. Data on study methodology and reporting of CKD prevalence results were independently extracted by two researchers. 
Results. We identified 82 eligible publications and included 48 publications of individual studies for the data extraction. There was considerable variation in population sample selection. The majority of studies did not report the sampling frame used, and the response ranged from 10 to 87%. With regard to the assessment of kidney function, 67% used a Jaffe assay, whereas 13% used the enzymatic assay for creatinine determination. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry calibration was used in 29%. The CKD-EPI (52%) and MDRD (75%) equations were most often used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CKD was defined as estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in 92% of studies. Urinary markers of CKD were assessed in 60% of the studies. CKD prevalence was reported by sex and age strata in 54 and 50% of the studies, respectively. In publications with a primary objective of reporting CKD prevalence, 39% reported a 95% confidence interval. 
Conclusions. The findings from this systematic review showed considerable variation in methods for sampling the general population and assessment of kidney function across studies reporting CKD prevalence. These results are utilized to provide recommendations to help optimize both the design and the reporting of future CKD prevalence studies, which will enhance comparability of study results.}},
  author       = {{Brück, Katharina and Jager, Kitty J and Dounousi, Evangelia and Kainz, Alexander and Nitsch, Dorothea and Ärnlöv, Johan and Rothenbacher, Dietrich and Browne, Gemma and Capuano, Vincenzo and Ferraro, Pietro Manuel and Ferrieres, Jean and Gambaro, Giovanni and Guessous, Idris and Hallan, Stein and Kastarinen, Mika and Navis, Gerjan and Otero Gonzalez, Alfonso and Palmieri, Luigi and Romundstad, Solfrid and Spoto, Belinda and Stengel, Benedicte and Tomson, Charles and Tripepi, Giovanni and Volzke, Henry and Wiecek, Andrzej and Gansevoort, Ron and Schöttker, Ben and Wanner, Christoph and Vinhas, Jose and Zoccali, Carmine and Van Biesen, Wim and Stel, Vianda S}},
  issn         = {{0931-0509}},
  journal      = {{NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION}},
  keywords     = {{CYSTATIN-C,CARDIOVASCULAR RISK,GENERAL-POPULATION,CHRONIC RENAL-DISEASE,GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE,systematic review,MDRD,CKD,epidemiology,CKD-EPI equation,SERUM CREATININE,ELDERLY POPULATION,ALL-CAUSE,CKD-EPI,ASSOCIATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{suppl. 4}},
  pages        = {{6--16}},
  title        = {{Methodology used in studies reporting chronic kidney disease prevalence: a systematic literature review}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv131}},
  volume       = {{30}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

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