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Multilevel development models of explosive leg power in high-level soccer players

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Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to model developmental changes in explosive power based on the contribution of chronological age, anthropometrical characteristics, motor coordination parameters, and flexibility. Methods: Two different longitudinal, multilevel models were obtained to predict countermovement jump (CMJ) and standing broad jump (SBJ) performance in 356 high-level, youth soccer players, age 11-14 yr at baseline. Biological maturity status was estimated (age at peak height velocity [APHV]), and variation in the development of explosive power was examined based on three maturity groups (APHV; earliest < P33, P33 < average < P66, latest > P66). Results: The best-fitting model for the CMJ performance of the latest maturing players could be expressed as: 8.65 + 1.04 x age + 0.17 x age(2) + 0.15 x leg length + 0.12 x fat-free mass + 0.07 x sit-and-reach + 0.01 x moving sideways. The best models for average and earliest maturing players were the same as for the latest maturing players, minus 0.73 and 1.74 cm, respectively. The best-fitting model on the SBJ performance could be expressed as follows: 102.97 + 2.24 x age + 0.55 x leg length + 0.66 x fat-free mass + 0.16 x sit-and-reach + 0.13 jumping sideways. Maturity groups had a negligible effect on SBJ performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that different jumping protocols (vertical vs long jump) highlight the need for special attention in the evaluation of jump performance. Both protocols emphasized growth, muscularity, flexibility, and motor coordination as longitudinal predictors. The use of the SBJ is recommended in youth soccer identification and selection programs because biological maturity status has no effect on its development through puberty.
Keywords
FUNCTIONAL CAPACITIES, BIOLOGICAL MATURATION, PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE, STRENGTH, MATURITY, ELITE, SKELETAL AGES, CHILDREN, JUMP PERFORMANCE, YOUTH SOCCER, AGE AT PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY, MATURATION, COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP, STANDING BROAD JUMP, LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS, TALENT IDENTIFICATION

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MLA
Deprez, Dieter, et al. “Multilevel Development Models of Explosive Leg Power in High-Level Soccer Players.” MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, vol. 47, no. 7, 2015, pp. 1408–15, doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000541.
APA
Deprez, D., Valente-Dos-Santos, J., Coelho-E-Silva, M. J., Lenoir, M., Philippaerts, R., & Vaeyens, R. (2015). Multilevel development models of explosive leg power in high-level soccer players. MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 47(7), 1408–1415. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000541
Chicago author-date
Deprez, Dieter, João Valente-Dos-Santos, Manuel João Coelho-E-Silva, Matthieu Lenoir, Renaat Philippaerts, and Roel Vaeyens. 2015. “Multilevel Development Models of Explosive Leg Power in High-Level Soccer Players.” MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE 47 (7): 1408–15. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000541.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Deprez, Dieter, João Valente-Dos-Santos, Manuel João Coelho-E-Silva, Matthieu Lenoir, Renaat Philippaerts, and Roel Vaeyens. 2015. “Multilevel Development Models of Explosive Leg Power in High-Level Soccer Players.” MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE 47 (7): 1408–1415. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000541.
Vancouver
1.
Deprez D, Valente-Dos-Santos J, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Lenoir M, Philippaerts R, Vaeyens R. Multilevel development models of explosive leg power in high-level soccer players. MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE. 2015;47(7):1408–15.
IEEE
[1]
D. Deprez, J. Valente-Dos-Santos, M. J. Coelho-E-Silva, M. Lenoir, R. Philippaerts, and R. Vaeyens, “Multilevel development models of explosive leg power in high-level soccer players,” MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1408–1415, 2015.
@article{7084425,
  abstract     = {{Purpose: The aim of the present study was to model developmental changes in explosive power based on the contribution of chronological age, anthropometrical characteristics, motor coordination parameters, and flexibility. 
Methods: Two different longitudinal, multilevel models were obtained to predict countermovement jump (CMJ) and standing broad jump (SBJ) performance in 356 high-level, youth soccer players, age 11-14 yr at baseline. Biological maturity status was estimated (age at peak height velocity [APHV]), and variation in the development of explosive power was examined based on three maturity groups (APHV; earliest < P33, P33 < average < P66, latest > P66). 
Results: The best-fitting model for the CMJ performance of the latest maturing players could be expressed as: 8.65 + 1.04 x age + 0.17 x age(2) + 0.15 x leg length + 0.12 x fat-free mass + 0.07 x sit-and-reach + 0.01 x moving sideways. The best models for average and earliest maturing players were the same as for the latest maturing players, minus 0.73 and 1.74 cm, respectively. The best-fitting model on the SBJ performance could be expressed as follows: 102.97 + 2.24 x age + 0.55 x leg length + 0.66 x fat-free mass + 0.16 x sit-and-reach + 0.13 jumping sideways. Maturity groups had a negligible effect on SBJ performance. 
Conclusions: These findings suggest that different jumping protocols (vertical vs long jump) highlight the need for special attention in the evaluation of jump performance. Both protocols emphasized growth, muscularity, flexibility, and motor coordination as longitudinal predictors. The use of the SBJ is recommended in youth soccer identification and selection programs because biological maturity status has no effect on its development through puberty.}},
  author       = {{Deprez, Dieter and Valente-Dos-Santos, João and Coelho-E-Silva, Manuel João and Lenoir, Matthieu and Philippaerts, Renaat and Vaeyens, Roel}},
  issn         = {{0195-9131}},
  journal      = {{MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE}},
  keywords     = {{FUNCTIONAL CAPACITIES,BIOLOGICAL MATURATION,PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE,STRENGTH,MATURITY,ELITE,SKELETAL AGES,CHILDREN,JUMP PERFORMANCE,YOUTH SOCCER,AGE AT PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY,MATURATION,COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP,STANDING BROAD JUMP,LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS,TALENT IDENTIFICATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{1408--1415}},
  title        = {{Multilevel development models of explosive leg power in high-level soccer players}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000541}},
  volume       = {{47}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

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