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Abstract
Aim: Biologists increasingly recognize the roles of humans in ecosystems. Subsequently, many have argued that biodiversity conservation must be extended to environments that humans have shaped directly. Yet popular biogeographical frameworks such as biomes do not incorporate human land use, limiting their relevance to future conservation planning. 'Anthromes' map global ecological patterns created by sustained direct human interactions with ecosystems. In this paper, we set to understand how current conservation efforts are distributed across anthromes. Location: Global. Methods: We analysed the global distribution of IUCN protected areas and biodiversity hotspots by anthrome. We related this information to density of native plant species and density of previous ecological studies. Potential conservation opportunities in anthromes were then identified through global analysis and two case studies. Results: Protected areas and biodiversity hotspots are not distributed equally across anthromes. Less populated anthromes contain a greater proportion of protected areas. The fewest hotspots are found within densely settled anthromes and wildlands, which occur at the two extremes of human population density. Opportunities for representative protection, prioritization, study and inclusion of native species were not congruent. Main conclusions: Researchers and practitioners can use the anthromes framework to analyse the distribution of conservation practices at the global and regional scale. Like biomes, anthromes could also be used to set future conservation priorities. Conservation goals in areas directly shaped by humans need not be less ambitious than those in 'natural areas'.
Keywords
biome, Anthropocene, human-environment interaction, land cover change, prioritization, protected area, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, GLOBAL CONSERVATION, SPECIES-DIVERSITY, BURROWING OWLS, LAND-USE, SCIENCE, PRIORITIES, AGRICULTURE, ECOREGIONS

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Citation

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:

MLA
Martin, Laura J., et al. “Conservation Opportunities across the World’s Anthromes.” DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, vol. 20, no. 7, 2014, pp. 745–55, doi:10.1111/ddi.12220.
APA
Martin, L. J., Quinn, J. E., Ellis, E. C., Shaw, M. R., Dorning, M. A., Hallett, L. M., … Wiederholt, R. (2014). Conservation opportunities across the world’s anthromes. DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, 20(7), 745–755. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12220
Chicago author-date
Martin, Laura J, John E Quinn, Erle C Ellis, M Rebecca Shaw, Monica A Dorning, Lauren M Hallett, Nicole E Heller, et al. 2014. “Conservation Opportunities across the World’s Anthromes.” DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS 20 (7): 745–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12220.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Martin, Laura J, John E Quinn, Erle C Ellis, M Rebecca Shaw, Monica A Dorning, Lauren M Hallett, Nicole E Heller, Richard J Hobbs, Clifford E Kraft, Elizabeth Law, Nicole L Michel, Michael Perring, Patrick D Shirey, and Ruscena Wiederholt. 2014. “Conservation Opportunities across the World’s Anthromes.” DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS 20 (7): 745–755. doi:10.1111/ddi.12220.
Vancouver
1.
Martin LJ, Quinn JE, Ellis EC, Shaw MR, Dorning MA, Hallett LM, et al. Conservation opportunities across the world’s anthromes. DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS. 2014;20(7):745–55.
IEEE
[1]
L. J. Martin et al., “Conservation opportunities across the world’s anthromes,” DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 745–755, 2014.
@article{7057383,
  abstract     = {{Aim: Biologists increasingly recognize the roles of humans in ecosystems. Subsequently, many have argued that biodiversity conservation must be extended to environments that humans have shaped directly. Yet popular biogeographical frameworks such as biomes do not incorporate human land use, limiting their relevance to future conservation planning. 'Anthromes' map global ecological patterns created by sustained direct human interactions with ecosystems. In this paper, we set to understand how current conservation efforts are distributed across anthromes. 
Location: Global. 
Methods: We analysed the global distribution of IUCN protected areas and biodiversity hotspots by anthrome. We related this information to density of native plant species and density of previous ecological studies. Potential conservation opportunities in anthromes were then identified through global analysis and two case studies. 
Results: Protected areas and biodiversity hotspots are not distributed equally across anthromes. Less populated anthromes contain a greater proportion of protected areas. The fewest hotspots are found within densely settled anthromes and wildlands, which occur at the two extremes of human population density. Opportunities for representative protection, prioritization, study and inclusion of native species were not congruent. 
Main conclusions: Researchers and practitioners can use the anthromes framework to analyse the distribution of conservation practices at the global and regional scale. Like biomes, anthromes could also be used to set future conservation priorities. Conservation goals in areas directly shaped by humans need not be less ambitious than those in 'natural areas'.}},
  author       = {{Martin, Laura J and Quinn, John E and Ellis, Erle C and Shaw, M Rebecca and Dorning, Monica A and Hallett, Lauren M and Heller, Nicole E and Hobbs, Richard J and Kraft, Clifford E and Law, Elizabeth and Michel, Nicole L and Perring, Michael and Shirey, Patrick D and Wiederholt, Ruscena}},
  issn         = {{1366-9516}},
  journal      = {{DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS}},
  keywords     = {{biome,Anthropocene,human-environment interaction,land cover change,prioritization,protected area,BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION,ECOSYSTEM SERVICES,GLOBAL CONSERVATION,SPECIES-DIVERSITY,BURROWING OWLS,LAND-USE,SCIENCE,PRIORITIES,AGRICULTURE,ECOREGIONS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{745--755}},
  title        = {{Conservation opportunities across the world's anthromes}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12220}},
  volume       = {{20}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

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