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Suboptimal culture conditions induce more deviations in gene expression in male than female bovine blastocysts

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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since the development of in vitro embryo production in cattle, different supplements have been added to culture media to support embryo development, with serum being the most popular. However, the addition of serum during embryo culture can induce high birthweights and low viability in calves (Large Offspring Syndrome). Analysis of global gene expression in bovine embryos produced under different conditions can provide valuable information to optimize culture media for in vitro embryo production. RESULTS: We used RNA sequencing to examine the effect of in vitro embryo production, in either serum-containing or serum-free media, on the global gene expression pattern of individual bovine blastocysts. Compared to in vivo derived embryos, embryos produced in serum-containing medium had five times more differentially expressed genes than embryos produced in serum-free conditions (1109 vs. 207). Importantly, in vitro production in the presence of serum appeared to have a different impact on the embryos according to their sex, with male embryos having three times more genes differentially expressed than their female counterparts (1283 vs. 456). On the contrary, male and female embryos produced in serum-free conditions showed the same number (191 vs. 192) of genes expressed differentially; however, only 44 of those genes were common in both comparisons. The pathways affected by in vitro production differed depending on the type of supplementation. For example, embryos produced in serum-containing conditions had a lower expression of genes related to metabolism while embryos produced in serum-free conditions showed aberrations in genes involved in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Serum supplementation had a major impact on the gene expression pattern of embryos, with male embryos being the most affected. The transcriptome of embryos produced in serum-free conditions showed a greater resemblance to that of in vivo derived embryos, although genes involved in lipid metabolism were altered. Male embryos appeared to be most affected by suboptimal in vitro culture, i.e. in the presence of serum.
Keywords
Bovine embryos, RNA-Seq, In vivo, In vitro production, Serum, Serum-free, Sex, RNA-SEQ ANALYSIS, REAL-TIME PCR, IN-VITRO, DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION, EMBRYOS, CATTLE, MOUSE, VIVO, CYTOSCAPE, NETWORKS

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MLA
Heras Garcia, Sonia, et al. “Suboptimal Culture Conditions Induce More Deviations in Gene Expression in Male than Female Bovine Blastocysts.” BMC GENOMICS, vol. 17, 2016, doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2393-z.
APA
Heras Garcia, S., De Coninck, D., Van Poucke, M., Goossens, K., Bogado Pascottini, O. A., Van Nieuwerburgh, F., … Van Soom, A. (2016). Suboptimal culture conditions induce more deviations in gene expression in male than female bovine blastocysts. BMC GENOMICS, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2393-z
Chicago author-date
Heras Garcia, Sonia, Dieter De Coninck, Mario Van Poucke, Karen Goossens, Osvaldo Américo Bogado Pascottini, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Dieter Deforce, et al. 2016. “Suboptimal Culture Conditions Induce More Deviations in Gene Expression in Male than Female Bovine Blastocysts.” BMC GENOMICS 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2393-z.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Heras Garcia, Sonia, Dieter De Coninck, Mario Van Poucke, Karen Goossens, Osvaldo Américo Bogado Pascottini, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Dieter Deforce, Petra De Sutter, Jo Leroy, Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan, Luc Peelman, and Ann Van Soom. 2016. “Suboptimal Culture Conditions Induce More Deviations in Gene Expression in Male than Female Bovine Blastocysts.” BMC GENOMICS 17. doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2393-z.
Vancouver
1.
Heras Garcia S, De Coninck D, Van Poucke M, Goossens K, Bogado Pascottini OA, Van Nieuwerburgh F, et al. Suboptimal culture conditions induce more deviations in gene expression in male than female bovine blastocysts. BMC GENOMICS. 2016;17.
IEEE
[1]
S. Heras Garcia et al., “Suboptimal culture conditions induce more deviations in gene expression in male than female bovine blastocysts,” BMC GENOMICS, vol. 17, 2016.
@article{7048696,
  abstract     = {{BACKGROUND: Since the development of in vitro embryo production in cattle, different supplements have been added to culture media to support embryo development, with serum being the most popular. However, the addition of serum during embryo culture can induce high birthweights and low viability in calves (Large Offspring Syndrome). Analysis of global gene expression in bovine embryos produced under different conditions can provide valuable information to optimize culture media for in vitro embryo production.
RESULTS: We used RNA sequencing to examine the effect of in vitro embryo production, in either serum-containing or serum-free media, on the global gene expression pattern of individual bovine blastocysts. Compared to in vivo derived embryos, embryos produced in serum-containing medium had five times more differentially expressed genes than embryos produced in serum-free conditions (1109 vs. 207). Importantly, in vitro production in the presence of serum appeared to have a different impact on the embryos according to their sex, with male embryos having three times more genes differentially expressed than their female counterparts (1283 vs. 456). On the contrary, male and female embryos produced in serum-free conditions showed the same number (191 vs. 192) of genes expressed differentially; however, only 44 of those genes were common in both comparisons. The pathways affected by in vitro production differed depending on the type of supplementation. For example, embryos produced in serum-containing conditions had a lower expression of genes related to metabolism while embryos produced in serum-free conditions showed aberrations in genes involved in lipid metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: Serum supplementation had a major impact on the gene expression pattern of embryos, with male embryos being the most affected. The transcriptome of embryos produced in serum-free conditions showed a greater resemblance to that of in vivo derived embryos, although genes involved in lipid metabolism were altered. Male embryos appeared to be most affected by suboptimal in vitro culture, i.e. in the presence of serum.}},
  articleno    = {{72}},
  author       = {{Heras Garcia, Sonia and De Coninck, Dieter and Van Poucke, Mario and Goossens, Karen and Bogado Pascottini, Osvaldo Américo and Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip and Deforce, Dieter and De Sutter, Petra and Leroy, Jo and Gutierrez-Adan, Alfonso and Peelman, Luc and Van Soom, Ann}},
  issn         = {{1471-2164}},
  journal      = {{BMC GENOMICS}},
  keywords     = {{Bovine embryos,RNA-Seq,In vivo,In vitro production,Serum,Serum-free,Sex,RNA-SEQ ANALYSIS,REAL-TIME PCR,IN-VITRO,DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION,EMBRYOS,CATTLE,MOUSE,VIVO,CYTOSCAPE,NETWORKS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{Suboptimal culture conditions induce more deviations in gene expression in male than female bovine blastocysts}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2393-z}},
  volume       = {{17}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

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