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The time course of cognitive control implementation

Clio Janssens (UGent) , Esther De Loof (UGent) , Gilles Pourtois (UGent) and Tom Verguts (UGent)
(2016) PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW. 22(6). p.1266-1272
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Abstract
Optimally recruiting cognitive control is a key factor in efficient task performance. In line with influential cognitive control theories, earlier work assumed that control is relatively slow. We challenge this notion and test whether control also can be implemented more rapidly by investigating the time course of cognitive control. In two experiments, a visual discrimination paradigm was applied. A reward cue was presented with variable intervals to target onset. The results showed that reward cues can rapidly improve performance. Importantly, the reward manipulation was orthogonal to the response, ensuring that the reward effect was due to fast cognitive control implementation rather than to automatic activation of rewarded S-R associations. We also empirically specify the temporal limits of cognitive control, because the reward cue had no effect when it was presented shortly after target onset, during task execution.
Keywords
REWARD PROSPECT, attention, cognitive control, reward, CONFLICT, TASK, INHIBITION, ACTIVATION, ATTENTION, INFORMATION, INTEGRATION, ADAPTATION

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MLA
Janssens, Clio, et al. “The Time Course of Cognitive Control Implementation.” PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW, vol. 22, no. 6, 2016, pp. 1266–72, doi:10.3758/s13423-015-0992-3.
APA
Janssens, C., De Loof, E., Pourtois, G., & Verguts, T. (2016). The time course of cognitive control implementation. PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW, 22(6), 1266–1272. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0992-3
Chicago author-date
Janssens, Clio, Esther De Loof, Gilles Pourtois, and Tom Verguts. 2016. “The Time Course of Cognitive Control Implementation.” PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW 22 (6): 1266–72. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0992-3.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Janssens, Clio, Esther De Loof, Gilles Pourtois, and Tom Verguts. 2016. “The Time Course of Cognitive Control Implementation.” PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW 22 (6): 1266–1272. doi:10.3758/s13423-015-0992-3.
Vancouver
1.
Janssens C, De Loof E, Pourtois G, Verguts T. The time course of cognitive control implementation. PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW. 2016;22(6):1266–72.
IEEE
[1]
C. Janssens, E. De Loof, G. Pourtois, and T. Verguts, “The time course of cognitive control implementation,” PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1266–1272, 2016.
@article{7031916,
  abstract     = {{Optimally recruiting cognitive control is a key factor in efficient task performance. In line with influential cognitive control theories, earlier work assumed that control is relatively slow. We challenge this notion and test whether control also can be implemented more rapidly by investigating the time course of cognitive control. In two experiments, a visual discrimination paradigm was applied. A reward cue was presented with variable intervals to target onset. The results showed that reward cues can rapidly improve performance. Importantly, the reward manipulation was orthogonal to the response, ensuring that the reward effect was due to fast cognitive control implementation rather than to automatic activation of rewarded S-R associations. We also empirically specify the temporal limits of cognitive control, because the reward cue had no effect when it was presented shortly after target onset, during task execution.}},
  author       = {{Janssens, Clio and De Loof, Esther and Pourtois, Gilles and Verguts, Tom}},
  issn         = {{1069-9384}},
  journal      = {{PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW}},
  keywords     = {{REWARD PROSPECT,attention,cognitive control,reward,CONFLICT,TASK,INHIBITION,ACTIVATION,ATTENTION,INFORMATION,INTEGRATION,ADAPTATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{1266--1272}},
  title        = {{The time course of cognitive control implementation}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0992-3}},
  volume       = {{22}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}

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