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Carbon ion radiotherapy in Japan: an assessment of 20 years of clinical experience

(2015) LANCET ONCOLOGY. 16(2). p.e93-e100
Author
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Abstract
Charged particle therapy is generally regarded as cutting-edge technology in oncology. Many proton therapy centres are active in the USA, Europe, and Asia, but only a few centres use heavy ions, even though these ions are much more effective than x-rays owing to the special radiobiological properties of densely ionising radiation. The National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan, has been treating cancer with high-energy carbon ions since 1994. So far, more than 8000 patients have had this treatment at NIRS, and the centre thus has by far the greatest experience in carbon ion treatment worldwide. A panel of radiation oncologists, radiobiologists, and medical physicists from the USA and Europe recently completed peer review of the carbon ion therapy at NIRS. The review panel had access to the latest developments in treatment planning and beam delivery and to all updated clinical data produced at NIRS. A detailed comparison with the most advanced results obtained with x-rays or protons in Europe and the USA was then possible. In addition to those tumours for which carbon ions are known to produce excellent results, such as bone and soft-tissue sarcoma of the skull base, head and neck, and pelvis, promising data were obtained for other tumours, such as locally recurrent rectal cancer and pancreatic cancer. The most serious impediment to the worldwide spread of heavy ion therapy centres is the high initial capital cost. The 20 years of clinical experience at NIRS can help guide strategic decisions on the design and construction of new heavy ion therapy centres.
Keywords
PHOTON RADIATION, CERVICAL-CANCER, 2ND MALIGNANCIES, HEAVY CHARGED-PARTICLES, LOCALIZED PROSTATE-CANCER, PARTICLE RADIATION-THERAPY, PROTON-BEAM THERAPY, PHASE-I/II, GLIOMAS, CHEMOTHERAPY

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MLA
Kamada, Tadashi, et al. “Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in Japan: An Assessment of 20 Years of Clinical Experience.” LANCET ONCOLOGY, vol. 16, no. 2, 2015, pp. e93–100, doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70412-7.
APA
Kamada, T., Tsujii, H., Blakely, E. A., Debus, J., De Neve, W., Durante, M., … Chu, W. T. (2015). Carbon ion radiotherapy in Japan: an assessment of 20 years of clinical experience. LANCET ONCOLOGY, 16(2), e93–e100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70412-7
Chicago author-date
Kamada, Tadashi, Hirohiko Tsujii, Eleanor A Blakely, Jürgen Debus, Wilfried De Neve, Marco Durante, Oliver Jäkel, et al. 2015. “Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in Japan: An Assessment of 20 Years of Clinical Experience.” LANCET ONCOLOGY 16 (2): e93–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70412-7.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Kamada, Tadashi, Hirohiko Tsujii, Eleanor A Blakely, Jürgen Debus, Wilfried De Neve, Marco Durante, Oliver Jäkel, Ramona Mayer, Roberto Orecchia, Richard Pötter, Stanislav Vatnitsky, and William T Chu. 2015. “Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in Japan: An Assessment of 20 Years of Clinical Experience.” LANCET ONCOLOGY 16 (2): e93–e100. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70412-7.
Vancouver
1.
Kamada T, Tsujii H, Blakely EA, Debus J, De Neve W, Durante M, et al. Carbon ion radiotherapy in Japan: an assessment of 20 years of clinical experience. LANCET ONCOLOGY. 2015;16(2):e93–100.
IEEE
[1]
T. Kamada et al., “Carbon ion radiotherapy in Japan: an assessment of 20 years of clinical experience,” LANCET ONCOLOGY, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. e93–e100, 2015.
@article{6986252,
  abstract     = {{Charged particle therapy is generally regarded as cutting-edge technology in oncology. Many proton therapy centres are active in the USA, Europe, and Asia, but only a few centres use heavy ions, even though these ions are much more effective than x-rays owing to the special radiobiological properties of densely ionising radiation. The National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan, has been treating cancer with high-energy carbon ions since 1994. So far, more than 8000 patients have had this treatment at NIRS, and the centre thus has by far the greatest experience in carbon ion treatment worldwide. A panel of radiation oncologists, radiobiologists, and medical physicists from the USA and Europe recently completed peer review of the carbon ion therapy at NIRS. The review panel had access to the latest developments in treatment planning and beam delivery and to all updated clinical data produced at NIRS. A detailed comparison with the most advanced results obtained with x-rays or protons in Europe and the USA was then possible. In addition to those tumours for which carbon ions are known to produce excellent results, such as bone and soft-tissue sarcoma of the skull base, head and neck, and pelvis, promising data were obtained for other tumours, such as locally recurrent rectal cancer and pancreatic cancer. The most serious impediment to the worldwide spread of heavy ion therapy centres is the high initial capital cost. The 20 years of clinical experience at NIRS can help guide strategic decisions on the design and construction of new heavy ion therapy centres.}},
  author       = {{Kamada, Tadashi and Tsujii, Hirohiko and Blakely, Eleanor A and Debus, Jürgen and De Neve, Wilfried and Durante, Marco and Jäkel, Oliver and Mayer, Ramona and Orecchia, Roberto and Pötter, Richard and Vatnitsky, Stanislav and Chu, William T}},
  issn         = {{1470-2045}},
  journal      = {{LANCET ONCOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{PHOTON RADIATION,CERVICAL-CANCER,2ND MALIGNANCIES,HEAVY CHARGED-PARTICLES,LOCALIZED PROSTATE-CANCER,PARTICLE RADIATION-THERAPY,PROTON-BEAM THERAPY,PHASE-I/II,GLIOMAS,CHEMOTHERAPY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{e93--e100}},
  title        = {{Carbon ion radiotherapy in Japan: an assessment of 20 years of clinical experience}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70412-7}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

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