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Silicon induces resistance to the brown spot fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus by preventing the pathogen from hijacking the rice ethylene pathway

Jonas Van Bockhaven (UGent) , Lukáš Spíchal, Ondřej Novák, Miroslav Strnad, Takayuki Asano, Shoshi Kikuchi, Monica Höfte (UGent) and David De Vleesschauwer (UGent)
(2015) NEW PHYTOLOGIST. 206(2). p.761-773
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Abstract
Although numerous studies have shown the ability of silicon (Si) to mitigate a wide variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, relatively little is known about the underlying mechanism(s). Here, we have investigated the role of hormone defense pathways in Si-induced resistance to the rice brown spot fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus. To delineate the involvement of multiple hormone pathways, a multidisciplinary approach was pursued, combining exogenous hormone applications, pharmacological inhibitor experiments, time-resolved hormone measurements, and bioassays with hormone-deficient and/or -insensitive mutant lines. Contrary to other types of induced resistance, we found Si-induced brown spot resistance to function independently of the classic immune hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Our data also rule out a major role of the abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin pathways, but suggest that Si mounts resistance to C.miyabeanus by preventing the fungus from hijacking the rice ethylene (ET) machinery. Interestingly, rather than suppressing rice ET signaling per se, Si probably interferes with the production and/or action of fungal ET. Together our findings favor a scenario whereby Si induces brown spot resistance by disarming fungal ET and argue that impairment of pathogen virulence factors is a core resistance mechanism underpinning Si-induced plant immunity.
Keywords
Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Bipolaris oryzae, disease resistance, plant-microbe interactions, rice (Oryza sativa L.), silicon (Si), PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE, SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE, PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE, ABSCISIC-ACID, GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE, NITROGEN MOBILIZATION, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA, BIPOLARIS-ORYZAE, LEAF SENESCENCE

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Citation

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MLA
Van Bockhaven, Jonas, et al. “Silicon Induces Resistance to the Brown Spot Fungus Cochliobolus Miyabeanus by Preventing the Pathogen from Hijacking the Rice Ethylene Pathway.” NEW PHYTOLOGIST, vol. 206, no. 2, 2015, pp. 761–73, doi:10.1111/nph.13270.
APA
Van Bockhaven, J., Spíchal, L., Novák, O., Strnad, M., Asano, T., Kikuchi, S., … De Vleesschauwer, D. (2015). Silicon induces resistance to the brown spot fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus by preventing the pathogen from hijacking the rice ethylene pathway. NEW PHYTOLOGIST, 206(2), 761–773. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13270
Chicago author-date
Van Bockhaven, Jonas, Lukáš Spíchal, Ondřej Novák, Miroslav Strnad, Takayuki Asano, Shoshi Kikuchi, Monica Höfte, and David De Vleesschauwer. 2015. “Silicon Induces Resistance to the Brown Spot Fungus Cochliobolus Miyabeanus by Preventing the Pathogen from Hijacking the Rice Ethylene Pathway.” NEW PHYTOLOGIST 206 (2): 761–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13270.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Bockhaven, Jonas, Lukáš Spíchal, Ondřej Novák, Miroslav Strnad, Takayuki Asano, Shoshi Kikuchi, Monica Höfte, and David De Vleesschauwer. 2015. “Silicon Induces Resistance to the Brown Spot Fungus Cochliobolus Miyabeanus by Preventing the Pathogen from Hijacking the Rice Ethylene Pathway.” NEW PHYTOLOGIST 206 (2): 761–773. doi:10.1111/nph.13270.
Vancouver
1.
Van Bockhaven J, Spíchal L, Novák O, Strnad M, Asano T, Kikuchi S, et al. Silicon induces resistance to the brown spot fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus by preventing the pathogen from hijacking the rice ethylene pathway. NEW PHYTOLOGIST. 2015;206(2):761–73.
IEEE
[1]
J. Van Bockhaven et al., “Silicon induces resistance to the brown spot fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus by preventing the pathogen from hijacking the rice ethylene pathway,” NEW PHYTOLOGIST, vol. 206, no. 2, pp. 761–773, 2015.
@article{6937698,
  abstract     = {{Although numerous studies have shown the ability of silicon (Si) to mitigate a wide variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, relatively little is known about the underlying mechanism(s). Here, we have investigated the role of hormone defense pathways in Si-induced resistance to the rice brown spot fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus. To delineate the involvement of multiple hormone pathways, a multidisciplinary approach was pursued, combining exogenous hormone applications, pharmacological inhibitor experiments, time-resolved hormone measurements, and bioassays with hormone-deficient and/or -insensitive mutant lines. Contrary to other types of induced resistance, we found Si-induced brown spot resistance to function independently of the classic immune hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Our data also rule out a major role of the abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin pathways, but suggest that Si mounts resistance to C.miyabeanus by preventing the fungus from hijacking the rice ethylene (ET) machinery. Interestingly, rather than suppressing rice ET signaling per se, Si probably interferes with the production and/or action of fungal ET. Together our findings favor a scenario whereby Si induces brown spot resistance by disarming fungal ET and argue that impairment of pathogen virulence factors is a core resistance mechanism underpinning Si-induced plant immunity.}},
  author       = {{Van Bockhaven, Jonas and Spíchal, Lukáš and Novák, Ondřej and Strnad, Miroslav and Asano, Takayuki and Kikuchi, Shoshi and Höfte, Monica and De Vleesschauwer, David}},
  issn         = {{0028-646X}},
  journal      = {{NEW PHYTOLOGIST}},
  keywords     = {{Cochliobolus miyabeanus,Bipolaris oryzae,disease resistance,plant-microbe interactions,rice (Oryza sativa L.),silicon (Si),PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE,SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE,PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE,ABSCISIC-ACID,GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE,NITROGEN MOBILIZATION,ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA,MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA,BIPOLARIS-ORYZAE,LEAF SENESCENCE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{761--773}},
  title        = {{Silicon induces resistance to the brown spot fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus by preventing the pathogen from hijacking the rice ethylene pathway}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13270}},
  volume       = {{206}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}
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