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Horsetails are ancient polyploids : evidence from Equisetum giganteum

Kevin Vanneste (UGent) , Lieven Sterck (UGent) , Alexander Andrew Myburg, Yves Van de Peer (UGent) and Eshchar Mizrachi
(2015) PLANT CELL. 27(6). p.1567-1578
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Abstract
Horsetails represent an enigmatic clade within the land plants. Despite consisting only of one genus (Equisetum) that contains 15 species, they are thought to represent the oldest extant genus within the vascular plants dating back possibly as far as the Triassic. Horsetails have retained several ancient features and are also characterized by a particularly high chromosome count (n = 108). Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) have been uncovered in many angiosperm clades and have been associated with the success of angiosperms, both in terms of species richness and biomass dominance, but remain understudied in nonangiosperm clades. Here, we report unambiguous evidence of an ancient WGD in the fern linage, based on sequencing and de novo assembly of an expressed gene catalog (transcriptome) from the giant horsetail (Equisetum giganteum). We demonstrate that horsetails underwent an independent paleopolyploidy during the Late Cretaceous prior to the diversification of the genus but did not experience any recent polyploidizations that could account for their high chromosome number. We also discuss the specific retention of genes following the WGD and how this may be linked to their long-term survival.
Keywords
MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD, AGE DISTRIBUTIONS, BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETICS, EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE, HOMOSPOROUS PTERIDOPHYTES, RNA-SEQ, WHOLE-GENOME, FLOWERING PLANTS, RELAXED MOLECULAR CLOCKS, GENOME DUPLICATIONS

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MLA
Vanneste, Kevin, et al. “Horsetails Are Ancient Polyploids : Evidence from Equisetum Giganteum.” PLANT CELL, vol. 27, no. 6, 2015, pp. 1567–78, doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00157.
APA
Vanneste, K., Sterck, L., Myburg, A. A., Van de Peer, Y., & Mizrachi, E. (2015). Horsetails are ancient polyploids : evidence from Equisetum giganteum. PLANT CELL, 27(6), 1567–1578. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.00157
Chicago author-date
Vanneste, Kevin, Lieven Sterck, Alexander Andrew Myburg, Yves Van de Peer, and Eshchar Mizrachi. 2015. “Horsetails Are Ancient Polyploids : Evidence from Equisetum Giganteum.” PLANT CELL 27 (6): 1567–78. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.00157.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Vanneste, Kevin, Lieven Sterck, Alexander Andrew Myburg, Yves Van de Peer, and Eshchar Mizrachi. 2015. “Horsetails Are Ancient Polyploids : Evidence from Equisetum Giganteum.” PLANT CELL 27 (6): 1567–1578. doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00157.
Vancouver
1.
Vanneste K, Sterck L, Myburg AA, Van de Peer Y, Mizrachi E. Horsetails are ancient polyploids : evidence from Equisetum giganteum. PLANT CELL. 2015;27(6):1567–78.
IEEE
[1]
K. Vanneste, L. Sterck, A. A. Myburg, Y. Van de Peer, and E. Mizrachi, “Horsetails are ancient polyploids : evidence from Equisetum giganteum,” PLANT CELL, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1567–1578, 2015.
@article{6929837,
  abstract     = {{Horsetails represent an enigmatic clade within the land plants. Despite consisting only of one genus (Equisetum) that contains 15 species, they are thought to represent the oldest extant genus within the vascular plants dating back possibly as far as the Triassic. Horsetails have retained several ancient features and are also characterized by a particularly high chromosome count (n = 108). Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) have been uncovered in many angiosperm clades and have been associated with the success of angiosperms, both in terms of species richness and biomass dominance, but remain understudied in nonangiosperm clades. Here, we report unambiguous evidence of an ancient WGD in the fern linage, based on sequencing and de novo assembly of an expressed gene catalog (transcriptome) from the giant horsetail (Equisetum giganteum). We demonstrate that horsetails underwent an independent paleopolyploidy during the Late Cretaceous prior to the diversification of the genus but did not experience any recent polyploidizations that could account for their high chromosome number. We also discuss the specific retention of genes following the WGD and how this may be linked to their long-term survival.}},
  author       = {{Vanneste, Kevin and Sterck, Lieven and Myburg, Alexander Andrew and Van de Peer, Yves and Mizrachi, Eshchar}},
  issn         = {{1040-4651}},
  journal      = {{PLANT CELL}},
  keywords     = {{MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD,AGE DISTRIBUTIONS,BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETICS,EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE,HOMOSPOROUS PTERIDOPHYTES,RNA-SEQ,WHOLE-GENOME,FLOWERING PLANTS,RELAXED MOLECULAR CLOCKS,GENOME DUPLICATIONS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{1567--1578}},
  title        = {{Horsetails are ancient polyploids : evidence from Equisetum giganteum}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.00157}},
  volume       = {{27}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}
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