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Seed dispersal by ungulates as an ecological filter : a trait-based meta-analysis

Aurélie Albert, Alistair G Auffret, Eric Cosyns, Sara AO Cousins, Bram D'hondt (UGent) , Carsten Eichberg, Amy E Aycott, Thilo Heinken, Maurice Hoffmann (UGent) , Bogdan Jaroszewicz, et al.
(2015) OIKOS. 124(9). p.1109-1120
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Abstract
Plant communities are often dispersal-limited and zoochory can be an efficient mechanism for plants to colonize new patches of potentially suitable habitat. We predicted that seed dispersal by ungulates acts as an ecological filter – which differentially affects individuals according to their characteristics and shapes species assemblages – and that the filter varies according to the dispersal mechanism (endozoochory, fur-epizoochory and hoof-epizoochory). We conducted two-step individual participant data meta-analyses of 52 studies on plant dispersal by ungulates in fragmented landscapes, comparing eight plant traits and two habitat indicators between dispersed and non-dispersed plants. We found that ungulates dispersed at least 44% of the available plant species. Moreover, some plant traits and habitat indicators increased the likelihood for plant of being dispersed. Persistent or nitrophilous plant species from open habitats or bearing dry or elongated diaspores were more likely to be dispersed by ungulates, whatever the dispersal mechanism. In addition, endozoochory was more likely for diaspores bearing elongated appendages whereas epizoochory was more likely for diaspores released relatively high in vegetation. Hoof-epizoochory was more likely for light diaspores without hooked appendages. Fur-epizoochory was more likely for diaspores with appendages, particularly elongated or hooked ones. We thus observed a gradient of filtering effect among the three dispersal mechanisms. Endozoochory had an effect of rather weak intensity (impacting six plant characteristics with variations between ungulate-dispersed and non-dispersed plant species mostly below 25%), whereas hoof-epizoochory had a stronger effect (eight characteristics included five ones with above 75% variation), and fur-epizoochory an even stronger one (nine characteristics included six ones with above 75% variation). Our results demonstrate that seed dispersal by ungulates is an ecological filter whose intensity varies according to the dispersal mechanism considered. Ungulates can thus play a key role in plant community dynamics and have implications for plant spatial distribution patterns at multiple scales.
Keywords
SPECIES-POOL, VASCULAR PLANTS, MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES, FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY, DIASPORE MORPHOLOGY, CLIMATE-CHANGE, ANIMAL-COATS, NE GERMANY, WILD, CATTLE

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MLA
Albert, Aurélie, et al. “Seed Dispersal by Ungulates as an Ecological Filter : A Trait-Based Meta-Analysis.” OIKOS, vol. 124, no. 9, 2015, pp. 1109–20, doi:10.1111/oik.02512.
APA
Albert, A., Auffret, A. G., Cosyns, E., Cousins, S. A., D’hondt, B., Eichberg, C., … Baltzinger, C. (2015). Seed dispersal by ungulates as an ecological filter : a trait-based meta-analysis. OIKOS, 124(9), 1109–1120. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.02512
Chicago author-date
Albert, Aurélie, Alistair G Auffret, Eric Cosyns, Sara AO Cousins, Bram D’hondt, Carsten Eichberg, Amy E Aycott, et al. 2015. “Seed Dispersal by Ungulates as an Ecological Filter : A Trait-Based Meta-Analysis.” OIKOS 124 (9): 1109–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.02512.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Albert, Aurélie, Alistair G Auffret, Eric Cosyns, Sara AO Cousins, Bram D’hondt, Carsten Eichberg, Amy E Aycott, Thilo Heinken, Maurice Hoffmann, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Juan E Malo, Anders Mårell, Maarten Mouissie, Robin J Pakeman, Mélanie Picard, Jan Plue, Peter Poschlod, Sam Provoost, Kiowa Alraune Schulze, and Christopher Baltzinger. 2015. “Seed Dispersal by Ungulates as an Ecological Filter : A Trait-Based Meta-Analysis.” OIKOS 124 (9): 1109–1120. doi:10.1111/oik.02512.
Vancouver
1.
Albert A, Auffret AG, Cosyns E, Cousins SA, D’hondt B, Eichberg C, et al. Seed dispersal by ungulates as an ecological filter : a trait-based meta-analysis. OIKOS. 2015;124(9):1109–20.
IEEE
[1]
A. Albert et al., “Seed dispersal by ungulates as an ecological filter : a trait-based meta-analysis,” OIKOS, vol. 124, no. 9, pp. 1109–1120, 2015.
@article{6849859,
  abstract     = {{Plant communities are often dispersal-limited and zoochory can be an efficient mechanism for plants to colonize new patches of potentially suitable habitat. We predicted that seed dispersal by ungulates acts as an ecological filter – which differentially affects individuals according to their characteristics and shapes species assemblages – and that the filter varies according to the dispersal mechanism (endozoochory, fur-epizoochory and hoof-epizoochory). We conducted two-step individual participant data meta-analyses of 52 studies on plant dispersal by ungulates in fragmented landscapes, comparing eight plant traits and two habitat indicators between dispersed and non-dispersed plants. We found that ungulates dispersed at least 44% of the available plant species. Moreover, some plant traits and habitat indicators increased the likelihood for plant of being dispersed. Persistent or nitrophilous plant species from open habitats or bearing dry or elongated diaspores were more likely to be dispersed by ungulates, whatever the dispersal mechanism. In addition, endozoochory was more likely for diaspores bearing elongated appendages whereas epizoochory was more likely for diaspores released relatively high in vegetation. Hoof-epizoochory was more likely for light diaspores without hooked appendages. Fur-epizoochory was more likely for diaspores with appendages, particularly elongated or hooked ones. We thus observed a gradient of filtering effect among the three dispersal mechanisms. Endozoochory had an effect of rather weak intensity (impacting six plant characteristics with variations between ungulate-dispersed and non-dispersed plant species mostly below 25%), whereas hoof-epizoochory had a stronger effect (eight characteristics included five ones with above 75% variation), and fur-epizoochory an even stronger one (nine characteristics included six ones with above 75% variation). Our results demonstrate that seed dispersal by ungulates is an ecological filter whose intensity varies according to the dispersal mechanism considered. Ungulates can thus play a key role in plant community dynamics and have implications for plant spatial distribution patterns at multiple scales.}},
  author       = {{Albert, Aurélie and Auffret, Alistair G and Cosyns, Eric and Cousins, Sara AO and D'hondt, Bram and Eichberg, Carsten and Aycott, Amy E and Heinken, Thilo and Hoffmann, Maurice and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Malo, Juan E and Mårell, Anders and Mouissie, Maarten and Pakeman, Robin J and Picard, Mélanie and Plue, Jan and Poschlod, Peter and Provoost, Sam and Schulze, Kiowa Alraune and Baltzinger, Christopher}},
  issn         = {{0030-1299}},
  journal      = {{OIKOS}},
  keywords     = {{SPECIES-POOL,VASCULAR PLANTS,MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES,FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY,DIASPORE MORPHOLOGY,CLIMATE-CHANGE,ANIMAL-COATS,NE GERMANY,WILD,CATTLE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{1109--1120}},
  title        = {{Seed dispersal by ungulates as an ecological filter : a trait-based meta-analysis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/oik.02512}},
  volume       = {{124}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}
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