Advanced search
1 file | 8.40 MB Add to list

A 5000-year record of multiple highly explosive mafic eruptions from Gunung Agung (Bali, Indonesia): implications for eruption frequency and volcanic hazards

Author
Organization
Abstract
The 1963 AD eruption of Agung volcano was one of the most significant twentieth century eruptions in Indonesia, both in terms of its explosivity (volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 4+) and its short-term climatic impact as a result of around 6.5 Mt SO2 emitted during the eruption. Because Agung has a significant potential to generate more sulphur-rich explosive eruptions in the future and in the wake of reported geophysical unrest between 2007 and 2011, we investigated the Late Holocene tephrostratigraphic record of this volcano using stratigraphic logging, and geo-chemical and geochronological analyses. We show that Agung has an average eruptive frequency of one VEI >= 2-3 eruptions per century. The Late Holocene eruptive record is dominated by basaltic andesitic eruptions generating tephra fall and pyroclastic density currents. About 25 % of eruptions are of similar or larger magnitude than the 1963 AD event, and this includes the previous eruption of 1843 AD (estimated VEI 5, contrary to previous estimations of VEI 2). The latter represents one of the chemically most evolved products (andesite) erupted at Agung. In the Late Holocene, periods of more intense explosive activity alternated with periods of background eruptive rates similar to those at other subduction zone volcanoes. All eruptive products at Agung show a texturally complex mineral assemblage, dominated by plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and olivine, suggesting recurring open-system processes of magmatic differentiation. We propose that erupted magmas are the result of repeated intrusions of basaltic magmas into basaltic andesitic to andesitic reservoirs producing a hybrid of bulk basaltic andesitic composition with limited compositional variations.
Keywords
Agung, tephrostratigraphy, eruptive history, basaltic andesite, magma mingling, magma mixing, CALDERA-FORMING ERUPTIONS, MERAPI VOLCANO, CENTRAL JAVA, SUNDA ARC, FIELD, CRYSTALLIZATION, PYROXENES, SEDIMENTS, PETROLOGY, DYNAMICS

Downloads

  • (...).pdf
    • full text
    • |
    • UGent only
    • |
    • PDF
    • |
    • 8.40 MB

Citation

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:

MLA
Fontijn, Karen, et al. “A 5000-Year Record of Multiple Highly Explosive Mafic Eruptions from Gunung Agung (Bali, Indonesia): Implications for Eruption Frequency and Volcanic Hazards.” BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY, vol. 77, no. 7, 2015, doi:10.1007/s00445-015-0943-x.
APA
Fontijn, K., Costa, F., Sutawidjaja, I., Newhall, C. G., & Herrin, J. S. (2015). A 5000-year record of multiple highly explosive mafic eruptions from Gunung Agung (Bali, Indonesia): implications for eruption frequency and volcanic hazards. BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY, 77(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0943-x
Chicago author-date
Fontijn, Karen, Fidel Costa, Igan Sutawidjaja, Christopher G Newhall, and Jason S Herrin. 2015. “A 5000-Year Record of Multiple Highly Explosive Mafic Eruptions from Gunung Agung (Bali, Indonesia): Implications for Eruption Frequency and Volcanic Hazards.” BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY 77 (7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0943-x.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Fontijn, Karen, Fidel Costa, Igan Sutawidjaja, Christopher G Newhall, and Jason S Herrin. 2015. “A 5000-Year Record of Multiple Highly Explosive Mafic Eruptions from Gunung Agung (Bali, Indonesia): Implications for Eruption Frequency and Volcanic Hazards.” BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY 77 (7). doi:10.1007/s00445-015-0943-x.
Vancouver
1.
Fontijn K, Costa F, Sutawidjaja I, Newhall CG, Herrin JS. A 5000-year record of multiple highly explosive mafic eruptions from Gunung Agung (Bali, Indonesia): implications for eruption frequency and volcanic hazards. BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY. 2015;77(7).
IEEE
[1]
K. Fontijn, F. Costa, I. Sutawidjaja, C. G. Newhall, and J. S. Herrin, “A 5000-year record of multiple highly explosive mafic eruptions from Gunung Agung (Bali, Indonesia): implications for eruption frequency and volcanic hazards,” BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY, vol. 77, no. 7, 2015.
@article{6715840,
  abstract     = {{The 1963 AD eruption of Agung volcano was one of the most significant twentieth century eruptions in Indonesia, both in terms of its explosivity (volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 4+) and its short-term climatic impact as a result of around 6.5 Mt SO2 emitted during the eruption. Because Agung has a significant potential to generate more sulphur-rich explosive eruptions in the future and in the wake of reported geophysical unrest between 2007 and 2011, we investigated the Late Holocene tephrostratigraphic record of this volcano using stratigraphic logging, and geo-chemical and geochronological analyses. We show that Agung has an average eruptive frequency of one VEI >= 2-3 eruptions per century. The Late Holocene eruptive record is dominated by basaltic andesitic eruptions generating tephra fall and pyroclastic density currents. About 25 % of eruptions are of similar or larger magnitude than the 1963 AD event, and this includes the previous eruption of 1843 AD (estimated VEI 5, contrary to previous estimations of VEI 2). The latter represents one of the chemically most evolved products (andesite) erupted at Agung. In the Late Holocene, periods of more intense explosive activity alternated with periods of background eruptive rates similar to those at other subduction zone volcanoes. All eruptive products at Agung show a texturally complex mineral assemblage, dominated by plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and olivine, suggesting recurring open-system processes of magmatic differentiation. We propose that erupted magmas are the result of repeated intrusions of basaltic magmas into basaltic andesitic to andesitic reservoirs producing a hybrid of bulk basaltic andesitic composition with limited compositional variations.}},
  articleno    = {{59}},
  author       = {{Fontijn, Karen and Costa, Fidel and Sutawidjaja, Igan and Newhall, Christopher G and Herrin, Jason S}},
  issn         = {{0258-8900}},
  journal      = {{BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Agung,tephrostratigraphy,eruptive history,basaltic andesite,magma mingling,magma mixing,CALDERA-FORMING ERUPTIONS,MERAPI VOLCANO,CENTRAL JAVA,SUNDA ARC,FIELD,CRYSTALLIZATION,PYROXENES,SEDIMENTS,PETROLOGY,DYNAMICS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{A 5000-year record of multiple highly explosive mafic eruptions from Gunung Agung (Bali, Indonesia): implications for eruption frequency and volcanic hazards}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0943-x}},
  volume       = {{77}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

Altmetric
View in Altmetric
Web of Science
Times cited: